However, there is a dearth of evidence on Thai manufacturing SMEs particularly in terms of their entrepreneur and innovation, technical efficiency and their determinants. The primary motivation of this study is to upon identifying: (1) key factors contributing to the technical (in) efficiency of these SMEs such as entrepreneur characteristics (age, gender, education, work experience) and innovation, (2) the technical efficiency performance of Thai manufacturing SMEs, and (3) policy measures aimed at improving the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing SMEs.