While the sociolinguist studies all

While the sociolinguist studies all aspects of language variation, sociophonology is that aspect of the discipline which studies only those differences of pronunciation which are perceived as socially significant. These are differences which are unlikely to be part of the idiolect of only one speaker, but rather they are shared by groups of speakers, and may or may not coexist with other features of a regional or social dialect in its spoken form, such as distinctive grammatical forms, lexis, and idiom.“Pronunciation” is used here as a broad term which in this context includes other features such as intonation and “articulatory set.”

It is a commonplace of linguistics that spoken language is more variable than written, and that variation in speech (aside from age and gender: see chapters 8 and 9) is a function of (a) region, (b) social group, and (c) situation. The speech forms of regional and social groups, in addition to the pronunciation of particular words in distinctive ways, are characterized by generalized sound features whose patterns are distinctive of each such group. To take the example of the dialects known respectively as British English and American English, most speakers of the former pronounce the two particular words leisure and lever as [3le45] and [3li:v5], but in American English the vowel values in the first syllable of each of the two words are reversed. In addition to such examples, the standard varieties of British and American English are distinguished by a whole pattern of regularized differences, including an important consonantal difference – the need in standard AmE to realize post-vocalic [r] – and many systematic vowel differences such as AmE [æ] for BrE [a:] in words like grass, path, plant; AmE [a:] for [;] in words like hot, wash; and many more. It is the complex of these latter specific consonantal and vowel features which constitutes what we call accent, and which enables an individual speaker's accent to be identified as either standard British English or American English, or as being predominantly one or the other. In Britain and the USA, as in most countries, accent varieties are commonly described in terms of variation from or approximation to the sounds of a standard variety of accent (e.g., BrE, AmE, etc.).

Results (Malay) 1:

Manakala sociolinguist dalam pengajian segala aspek perbezaan bahasa, sociophonology adalah bahawa aspek disiplin yang pengajian hanya mereka perbezaan sebutan yang dianggap penting seperti sosial. Ini adalah perbezaan yang tidak mungkin menjadi sebahagian daripada idiolect di-Pertua hanya satu, tetapi sebaliknya mereka dikongsi oleh sekumpulan Penutur, dan mungkin atau mungkin tidak wujud bersama-sama dengan ciri-ciri dialek Daerah atau sosial dalam bentuk pertuturan, seperti bentuk tatabahasa yang tersendiri, lexis, dan peribahasa yang lain. " Sebutan"digunakan sebagai istilah umum yang dalam konteks ini merangkumi ciri-ciri lain seperti Intonasi dan"articulatory set." It is a commonplace of linguistics that spoken language is more variable than written, and that variation in speech (aside from age and gender: see chapters 8 and 9) is a function of (a) region, (b) social group, and (c) situation. The speech forms of regional and social groups, in addition to the pronunciation of particular words in distinctive ways, are characterized by generalized sound features whose patterns are distinctive of each such group. To take the example of the dialects known respectively as British English and American English, most speakers of the former pronounce the two particular words leisure and lever as [3le45] and [3li:v5], but in American English the vowel values in the first syllable of each of the two words are reversed. In addition to such examples, the standard varieties of British and American English are distinguished by a whole pattern of regularized differences, including an important consonantal difference – the need in standard AmE to realize post-vocalic [r] – and many systematic vowel differences such as AmE [æ] for BrE [a:] in words like grass, path, plant; AmE [a:] for [;] in words like hot, wash; and many more. It is the complex of these latter specific consonantal and vowel features which constitutes what we call accent, and which enables an individual speaker's accent to be identified as either standard British English or American English, or as being predominantly one or the other. In Britain and the USA, as in most countries, accent varieties are commonly described in terms of variation from or approximation to the sounds of a standard variety of accent (e.g., BrE, AmE, etc.).