Protein kinases A, B}Akt and C have in common a conservedkinase core w translation - Protein kinases A, B}Akt and C have in common a conservedkinase core w Indonesian how to say

Protein kinases A, B}Akt and C have

Protein kinases A, B
}
Akt and C have in common a conserved
kinase core whose function is regulated allosterically by a
corresponding regulatory moiety (Figure 1). In the case of PKA,
the regulatory moiety is a separate polypeptide, whereas the
regulatory determinants are on the same polypeptide as the
kinase domain for protein kinases B
}
Akt and C. The regulatory
domain serves two key functions : (i) it targets the kinases to the
appropriate cellular location ; and (ii) it regulates kinase activity
by serving as an autoinhibitory module. In the case of PKA,
targeting is achieved by interaction of the regulatory subunit
with A-kinase anchoring proteins (` AKAPs ') [7,8]. In the case of
PKB and PKC, primary targeting is achieved by membrane-
targeting modules in the regulatory moiety [9,10], with Æne-
tuning of location achieved, at least for PKC, by additional
protein±protein interactions [11,12]. Autoinhibition is achieved
by sterically blocking the active site : the inhibitory module is a
pseudosubstrate sequence in kinases A and C (shown in Figure
1 by the green rectangles), and the pleckstrin homology (PH)
domain in PKB. Binding of cofactors [cAMP for PKA, diacyl-
glycerol for PKC, and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
(PIP
$
) for PKB] relieves autoinhibition through conformational
changes that unmask the active site. There are three mammalian
catalytic subunits of PKA (C
a
,C
b
and C
c
) and four different
regulatory subunits (R1
a
,R1
b
, RII
a
and RII
b
) [13], three iso-
enzymes of PKB
}
Akt that share the same domain composition
(PKB
a
}
Akt 1, PKB
b
}
Akt 2 and PKB
c
}
Akt 3 [9]) and 10 PKC
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Protein kinases A, B}Akt and C have in common a conservedkinase core whose function is regulated allosterically by acorresponding regulatory moiety (Figure 1). In the case of PKA,the regulatory moiety is a separate polypeptide, whereas theregulatory determinants are on the same polypeptide as thekinase domain for protein kinases B}Akt and C. The regulatorydomain serves two key functions : (i) it targets the kinases to theappropriate cellular location ; and (ii) it regulates kinase activityby serving as an autoinhibitory module. In the case of PKA,targeting is achieved by interaction of the regulatory subunitwith A-kinase anchoring proteins (` AKAPs ') [7,8]. In the case ofPKB and PKC, primary targeting is achieved by membrane-targeting modules in the regulatory moiety [9,10], with Æne-tuning of location achieved, at least for PKC, by additionalprotein±protein interactions [11,12]. Autoinhibition is achievedby sterically blocking the active site : the inhibitory module is apseudosubstrate sequence in kinases A and C (shown in Figure1 by the green rectangles), and the pleckstrin homology (PH)domain in PKB. Binding of cofactors [cAMP for PKA, diacyl-glycerol for PKC, and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate(PIP$) for PKB] relieves autoinhibition through conformationalchanges that unmask the active site. There are three mammaliancatalytic subunits of PKA (Ca,Cband Cc) and four differentregulatory subunits (R1a,R1b, RIIaand RIIb) [13], three iso-enzymes of PKB}Akt that share the same domain composition(PKBa}Akt 1, PKBb}Akt 2 and PKBc}Akt 3 [9]) and 10 PKC
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Results (Indonesian) 2:[Copy]
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Protein kinase A, B
}
Akt dan C memiliki kesamaan yang dilestarikan
inti kinase yang fungsinya diatur allosterically oleh
bagian regulasi yang sesuai (Gambar 1). Dalam kasus PKA,
gugus peraturan adalah polipeptida yang terpisah, sedangkan
penentu peraturan berada di polipeptida yang sama dengan
domain kinase protein kinase B
}
Akt dan C. peraturan
domain memiliki dua fungsi utama: (i) itu menargetkan kinase ke
lokasi seluler yang sesuai; dan (ii) itu mengatur aktivitas kinase
dengan melayani sebagai modul otoinhibitor. Dalam kasus PKA,
penargetan dicapai oleh interaksi dari subunit peraturan
dengan A-kinase anchoring protein ( `AKAPs ') [7,8]. Dalam kasus
PKB dan PKC, penargetan utama dicapai oleh pada membran
modul menargetkan di bagian peraturan [9,10], dengan Æne-
tuning lokasi dicapai, setidaknya untuk PKC, dengan tambahan
protein ± interaksi protein [11,12 ]. Autoinhibition dicapai
oleh sterik menghalangi situs aktif: modul penghambatan adalah
urutan pseudosubstrate di kinase A dan C (yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar
1 dengan persegi panjang hijau), dan pleckstrin homologi (PH)
domain di PKB. Pengikatan kofaktor [cAMP untuk PKA, diacyl-
gliserol untuk PKC, dan phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
(PIP
$
) untuk PKB] mengurangi autoinhibition melalui konformasi
perubahan yang membuka kedok situs aktif. Ada tiga mamalia
subunit katalitik dari PKA (C
a
, C
b
dan C
c
) dan empat yang berbeda
subunit peraturan (R1
a
, R1
b
, RII
a
dan RII
b
) [13], tiga iso-
enzim dari PKB
}
Akt saham yang komposisi domain yang sama
(PKB
a
}
Akt 1, PKB
b
}
Akt 2 dan PKB
c
}
Akt 3 [9]) dan 10 PKC
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