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Coastal and small island (CSI) communities havelocal and indigenous knowledge and practices (LINK)that they use to predict hazards, for early warning,and to respond to and cope with emergencies andlosses. LINK includes the observation of animalbehaviour, celestial bodies and the environment, andlocal technologies and materials are used to mitigatehazards. Communities have traditional and faithbasedbeliefs and practices that are embedded in theirday-to-day lives. When threatened with a disaster,they respond by making use of all this knowledge andpractices, which has evolved over generations, andwill continue to adapt to future changes.To collect, document and validate LINK relatedto hydro-meteorological hazards and climatechange impacts, participatory action research andcommunity organizing processes are necessary,and include participation in community activities,key informant interviews, workshops, focus groupdiscussions (FGDs), and consultations with membersof the community. In the Philippines, these activitiesyielded positive results, with traditional leadersbecoming more open to the idea of sharing theirknowledge to help CSI communities become resilientto hydro-meteorological hazards.There were similarities in the LINK documented in theproject sites across the three countries, particularlyin the interpretation of their observations of celestialbodies. Since these areas are very prone to typhoonsand storms, much of the LINK documented in thethree countries relate to the prediction of badweather through observations of celestial bodies,animal behaviour and the environment. Thisprediction is very important since fishing is the basicsource of livelihood for people in CSI communities.Looking at the sky and stars helps them judge if it issafe to go fishing at night or not.The natural environment of a community and theirrelationship to nature determine the kind of role LINK3 Policy brief: Local andindigenous knowledge,science and technologyplays in their daily lives. For example, in communitieswhose interactions with their natural environmenthave lessened, LINK is not used to predict storms;instead, they rely solely on the radio or television fornational weather forecasts, which may not be precisein their specific locations. People who closely observeenvironmental and weather changes daily, such asfisherfolk and farmers, are already experiencing theimpacts of climate change; and thus many LINK beingpractised by these communities today will change.Local and indigenous knowledge is often bestsustained in traditional communities which are familyoriented. This knowledge is a way of projecting theidentity of a community, and the wealth of LINKreflects their culture and identity, and can speak alot about a society’s social system such as obligatoryreciprocity and relationships with the divine. Havingan established identity and unity is a communityresource that can also be harnessed as a resourcefor disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate changeadaptation (CCA).
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