With abundant applications, smartphones provide users with internet-based communication, business trading, education, entertainment media, and even clinical applications. Given their variety of functions and ease of use, the number of estimated global users was more than 1.08 billion in early 2012, and it is increasing with great speed. However, smartphones can be problematic when used excessively. For example, excessive smartphone use can cause maladaptive behavioral difficulties seen in impulse control disorders in general or pathological gambling; it can interfere with school or work,26 decrease real-life social interaction, decrease academic ability, cause relationship problems,27 and cause physical health-related problems including blurred vision and pain in the wrists or the back of the neck.28
Most behaviors performed under conscious control are selected to fulfil one’s social, functional, and psychological needs. Therefore, when a behavior brings a satisfaction to an individual, it is actively continued and habituated. In this sense, it is difficult to simply class habitual smartphone usage as an addiction-like behavior. However, according to previous studies,29,30 problematic smartphone use could be included in the behavior addiction category when the following components of addiction are taken into consideration: 1) the individual is preoccupied with a specific behavior (smartphone use); 2) the behavior is used in order to escape reality or create a feeling of euphoria; 3) as the behavior is continued, tolerance develops; 4) when the behavior is abstained or interfered with, withdrawal symptoms occur (feeling anxious, depressed, or irritable); 5) as a consequence of the continuous behavior, interpersonal problems occur; and 6) individual experiences relapse against one’s will. Previous studies have indeed found that smartphones are addictive for users and are closely attached to their lives. A Taiwanese study of 10,191 adolescents reported that 30% of participants exhibited tolerance, 36% exhibited withdrawal, 27% exhibited use that was heavier than intended, 18% made unsuccessful attempts to reduce, and 10% experienced functional impairment of close relationships.31
It is true that many authorities carefully acknowledge that there certainly is a risk of addiction due to the excessive use or misuse of a smartphone. However, because of the limited findings, which lack a validated standard, nothing about smartphone addiction or the characteristics of problematic users has yet been clearly concluded. Meanwhile, a main feature of the smartphone is the operation of internet-based applications; thus, smartphone use must share many functional or psychological properties with internet use. Therefore, based on the possible relationship, investigating smartphone addiction in relation to internet addiction by integrative study would be reasonable.
Results (
Thai) 1:
[Copy]Copied!
มีโปรแกรมมากมาย สมาร์ทโฟนให้ผู้ใช้ มีการสื่อสารบนอินเทอร์เน็ต ธุรกิจค้า ศึกษา สื่อบันเทิง และโปรแกรมประยุกต์ทางคลินิกได้ กำหนดฟังก์ชันต่าง ๆ ของพวกเขาและความง่ายในการใช้งาน จำนวนผู้ใช้ทั่วโลกประมาณกว่า 1.08 พันล้านดอลลาร์ในต้นปี 2012 และเพิ่มความเร็วมาก อย่างไรก็ตาม สมาร์ทโฟนอาจมีปัญหาเมื่อใช้มากเกินไป ใช้สมาร์ทโฟนมากเกินไปอาจทำให้ตัวอย่าง ปัญหาพฤติกรรม maladaptive เห็นกระแสควบคุมโรคทั่วไปหรือการพนันทางพยาธิวิทยา มันสามารถรบกวนการเรียน หรือทำงาน 26 ลดชีวิตสังคม ลดความสามารถทางวิชาการ ก่อให้เกิดปัญหาความสัมพันธ์ 27 และปัญหาทางกายภาพที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสุขภาพรวมถึงวิสัยทัศน์มัวและปวดข้อหรือด้านหลังของ neck.28Most behaviors performed under conscious control are selected to fulfil one’s social, functional, and psychological needs. Therefore, when a behavior brings a satisfaction to an individual, it is actively continued and habituated. In this sense, it is difficult to simply class habitual smartphone usage as an addiction-like behavior. However, according to previous studies,29,30 problematic smartphone use could be included in the behavior addiction category when the following components of addiction are taken into consideration: 1) the individual is preoccupied with a specific behavior (smartphone use); 2) the behavior is used in order to escape reality or create a feeling of euphoria; 3) as the behavior is continued, tolerance develops; 4) when the behavior is abstained or interfered with, withdrawal symptoms occur (feeling anxious, depressed, or irritable); 5) as a consequence of the continuous behavior, interpersonal problems occur; and 6) individual experiences relapse against one’s will. Previous studies have indeed found that smartphones are addictive for users and are closely attached to their lives. A Taiwanese study of 10,191 adolescents reported that 30% of participants exhibited tolerance, 36% exhibited withdrawal, 27% exhibited use that was heavier than intended, 18% made unsuccessful attempts to reduce, and 10% experienced functional impairment of close relationships.31It is true that many authorities carefully acknowledge that there certainly is a risk of addiction due to the excessive use or misuse of a smartphone. However, because of the limited findings, which lack a validated standard, nothing about smartphone addiction or the characteristics of problematic users has yet been clearly concluded. Meanwhile, a main feature of the smartphone is the operation of internet-based applications; thus, smartphone use must share many functional or psychological properties with internet use. Therefore, based on the possible relationship, investigating smartphone addiction in relation to internet addiction by integrative study would be reasonable.
Being translated, please wait..
