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Với doanh thu hàng năm của 430 tỷ USD, 2 triệu nhân viên, và 7.300 cửa hàng trên toàn thế giới (và thậm chí còn lớn hơn con số theo thời gian bạn đọc này), Wal-Mart là công ty lớn nhất trên thế giới và đã giữ vị trí số một trong danh sách Fortune 500 6 trong 7 năm qua. Tuy nhiên, là công ty lớn nhất thế giới, Wal-Mart cũng là một mục tiêu lớn nhất của thế giới cho nhóm chống doanh nghiệp và các vụ kiện. Thật vậy, để những người chỉ trích, trong thập kỷ Wal-Mart đã trở thành biểu tượng mặc định của công ty điều ác. On the issue of employee pay, Wal-Mart has been accused of forcing employees to work off the clock (working overtime and during breaks without pay) and of paying Wal-Mart employees wages that fall below the poverty line. In terms of health-care benefits, critics such as http://www.wake-upWalMart .com complain that Wal-Mart provides health insurance for only 43 percent of its employees compared to 66 percent for most other companies; that although managers receive health benefits their first day on the job, full-time and part-time employees must wait 6 months and 12 months, respectively, before enrolling in Wal-Mart’s health insurance program; and finally, that average Wal-Mart employees must spend a disproportionate share of their income, approximately 22 to 40 percent, to cover their health insurance premiums and medical deductibles. Wal-Mart, of course, disputes these facts and allegations and argues that many of these critical organizations and websites are financed by unions that have tried unsuccessfully for two decades to organize Wal-Mart’s employees, who represent the largest work force in the world.Environmental groups, like the Sierra Club, have also been highly critical of Wal-Mart. According to the Sierra Club, “Big Box” stores like Wal-Mart “threaten our landscape, our communities, and the environment by building on the fringe of town, paving vast areas for stores and parking lots, and undermining the economic health of existing downtown shopping areas.” The Sierra Club also opposes new Wal-Mart stores because it believes their development destroys wetlands and increases the risk of flooding-based pollution. With the average footprint of a Wal-Mart supercenter running about 18 acres, the Sierra Club believes that Wal-Mart is a major contributor to “non-point source water pollution,” which it says is the leading cause of water pollution in the U.S.” According to the Sierra Club, an undeveloped acre with trees and grass and flowers and bushes only produces 2,700 gallons of rainwater runoff for each inch of precipitation. In other words, most of the rainwater is absorbed into the ground. By contrast, a developed acre, meaning an acre that has been paved and has buildings, produces 25,000 gallons of rainwater runoff for each inch of precipitation. Since the average Wal-Mart supercenter is 18 acres, an inch of precipitation leads to 450,000 gallons of rainwater runoff filled with pollutants such as oil, chemicals, and bacteria.
Unrelenting attacks have undoubtedly affected how people view Wal-Mart. Gerald Baron, founder and president of a corporate relations consulting company, says, “Wal-Mart has a reputation crisis.” Ironically, though, this has had little effect on Wal-Mart’s sales. Indeed, Wal-Mart’s internal research shows that less than 0.1 percent of the people who are familiar with these criticisms would not shop or have stopped shopping at Wal-Mart.
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