INDUCTION AND PRODUCTION OF IL-10 IN γ-HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONSIL-10 pla translation - INDUCTION AND PRODUCTION OF IL-10 IN γ-HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONSIL-10 pla Russian how to say

INDUCTION AND PRODUCTION OF IL-10 I

INDUCTION AND PRODUCTION OF IL-10 IN γ-HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS
IL-10 plays a pivotal role in controlling inflammation by suppressing the functions of APCs and T cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines [120]. Accordingly, IL-10 plays a dual role in infectious disease. In acute virus infections, such as influenza virus, effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cells attenuate lung inflammation by producing IL-10, thus preventing immunopathology [121]. In persistent virus infections, such as HIV, IL-10 inhibits virus-specific T cells, thereby impeding pathogen control [122]. It has been demonstrated that γ-herpesvirus infections can induce IL-10 production. The percentage of IL-10-expressing cells in EBV-positive cases of Hodgkin’s disease is significantly higher than in EBV-negative cases [123]. B cell lines derived from EBV positive Burkitt’s lymphoma, especially those from patients with AIDS, constitutively secrete large quantities of IL-10 [124]. High levels of IL-10 expression are also induced by EBV infection of B lymphocytes [125]. IL-10 and viral IL-6 (vIL-6) have been shown to be autocrine growth factors for autonomous proliferation of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell lines [126]. MHV-68 infection also results in increased levels of IL-10 [127]. MHV-68-infected mice show elevated IL-10 expression in DCs, which interferes with the ability of DCs to activate T cells, and this action can be partially reversed by blocking IL-10 [128]. It is notable that IL-10 can be encoded not only by the host cells (cIL-10), but also by some viruses (vIL-10). IL-10-like ORFs have been identified in multiple members of the two families Herpesviridae and Poxviridae. Several γ-herpesviruses, including EBV, rhesus lymphocryptovirus, equine herpesvirus 2 and ovine herpesvirus 2, have been shown to encode IL-10 homologs (vIL-10) [129]. The acquisition of IL-10-like sequences likely equips the viruses with a powerful tool to modulate host immune function.

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ИНДУКЦИЯ И ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ИЛ-10 В Γ-ГЕРПЕСА ИНФЕКЦИИIL-10 plays a pivotal role in controlling inflammation by suppressing the functions of APCs and T cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines [120]. Accordingly, IL-10 plays a dual role in infectious disease. In acute virus infections, such as influenza virus, effector CD8+ and CD4+ T cells attenuate lung inflammation by producing IL-10, thus preventing immunopathology [121]. In persistent virus infections, such as HIV, IL-10 inhibits virus-specific T cells, thereby impeding pathogen control [122]. It has been demonstrated that γ-herpesvirus infections can induce IL-10 production. The percentage of IL-10-expressing cells in EBV-positive cases of Hodgkin’s disease is significantly higher than in EBV-negative cases [123]. B cell lines derived from EBV positive Burkitt’s lymphoma, especially those from patients with AIDS, constitutively secrete large quantities of IL-10 [124]. High levels of IL-10 expression are also induced by EBV infection of B lymphocytes [125]. IL-10 and viral IL-6 (vIL-6) have been shown to be autocrine growth factors for autonomous proliferation of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell lines [126]. MHV-68 infection also results in increased levels of IL-10 [127]. MHV-68-infected mice show elevated IL-10 expression in DCs, which interferes with the ability of DCs to activate T cells, and this action can be partially reversed by blocking IL-10 [128]. It is notable that IL-10 can be encoded not only by the host cells (cIL-10), but also by some viruses (vIL-10). IL-10-like ORFs have been identified in multiple members of the two families Herpesviridae and Poxviridae. Several γ-herpesviruses, including EBV, rhesus lymphocryptovirus, equine herpesvirus 2 and ovine herpesvirus 2, have been shown to encode IL-10 homologs (vIL-10) [129]. The acquisition of IL-10-like sequences likely equips the viruses with a powerful tool to modulate host immune function.
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Индукции и продукции ИЛ-10 в гамма-герпесвирусных инфекций
IL-10 играет ключевую роль в контроле воспаления за счет подавления функции БТР и Т-клеток и выработку цитокинов [120]. Соответственно, IL-10 играет двойную роль в инфекционной болезни. При острых вирусных инфекций, таких как вирус гриппа, эффекторные CD8 + и CD4 + Т-клетки ослабляют воспаление легких, производя ИЛ-10, таким образом предотвращая иммунопатологии [121]. В стойких вирусных инфекций, таких как ВИЧ, ИЛ-10 ингибирует вирус-специфичные Т-клетки, препятствуя, таким контроль патогена [122]. Было продемонстрировано, что Т-герпесвирусных инфекций может индуцировать продукцию IL-10. Процент ИЛ-10-экспрессирующих клеток в EBV-инфицированных случаев болезни Ходжкина существенно выше, чем в EBV-негативных случаев [123]. Линии В-клеточные лимфомы, полученные из EBV положительный Беркитта, особенно у пациентов со СПИДом, конститутивно секретируют большие количества IL-10 [124]. Высокие уровни экспрессии IL-10 также индуцируется EBV инфекции лимфоцитов [125]. IL-10 и вирусный IL-6 (VIL-6), как было показано, чтобы быть аутокринные факторы роста для автономной пролиферации KSHV-инфицированных линий лимфомы клеток первичной эффузионных [126]. MHV-68 инфекция также приводит к повышению уровня IL-10 [127]. MHV-68-инфицированных мышей показывают повышенную экспрессию IL-10 в ДК, которая препятствует способности ДК активировать Т-клетки, и это действие может быть частично восстановлен путем блокирования IL-10 [128]. Следует отметить, что IL-10 может быть закодирована не только в клетках-хозяевах (CIL-10), но также и некоторыми вирусами (VIL-10). ИЛ-10-подобные ОРС были выявлены в нескольких членов двух семейств Herpesviridae и Poxviridae. Несколько гамма-вирусы герпеса, в том числе EBV, резус lymphocryptovirus, лошадиный вирус герпеса 2 и овечий вирус герпеса 2, как было показано, кодирует IL-10 гомологов (VIL-10) [129]. Приобретение ИЛ-10-подобными последовательностями вероятно оснащает вирусы с мощным инструментом модулировать иммунную функцию хозяина.

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