Results (
Thai) 2:
[Copy]Copied!
The capacity of soybean to fix N2 is affected by general ecological factors such as temperature, micronutrients, micronutrients and water regime
As a subtropical legume, soybean requires temperatures in the range of 25 to 30 °c for optimal symbiotic activity. When soil temperature drops below this range, legume nodulation and dinitrogen fixation are negatively affected. Low soil temperatures decrease both soybean nodulation and dinitrogen fixation. When the soil temperatures drops below 25 °c ,but remains above 17 °c ,the time between inoculation and onset of dinitrogen fixation is delayed by 2 to 3 days for each °c decrease in temperature, whereas soil temperatures between 17 and 15°c were more strongly inhibitory , and each °c delayed the onset of dinitrogen fixation about 1 week (Zhang and Smith 1994;Zhang et al. 1995a).When the plants are grow under 10 °c ,nodulation fails (Matthews and Hayes 1982 ) . All stages of nodule formation and function are affected by low temperature. Experiments involving the transfer of soybean plants, at various stages of their life cycle, between optimal and low temperature have generally indicated that infection and early nodule development processes are the most sensitive based on microscopic observation (lynch and Smith 1993a; Zhang and smith 1994). Zhang and smith (1995) found that low temperature decreases early infection and nodule initiation by disruption of the interorganism signal exchange. Low temperature decreases both the biosynthesis of genistein and the excretion of genistein from plant root cell to soil rhizosphere (Zhang and Smith 1996a).The effects of low temperature on the function of dinitrogen fixation nodules may be due to the changes in nodule oxygen permeability (Walsh and Layzell 1986). The solubility of ureide is low and decreases sharply as temperature declines, therefore low temperature may also limit the rate of export of symbiotically fixed nitrogen from the nodule (Sprent 1982). In turn, higher nitrogen concentrations inside the nodule inhibits dinitrogen fixation .The effect of low temperature on dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation may also be mediated via effects on photosynthesis or translocation (Walsh and layzell 1986).Different genotypes. Of soybean or strain of B.japonicum respond differently to low soil temperatures; for example, thereports from Lynch and smith (1993b, 1994) show that the strains obtained from the cold soils of Hokkaido, northern Japan, result in increased plant biomass and symbiotically fixed nitrogen level at the plant-flowering stage under short-season conditions. Recently, some studies have suggested that the following factors could improve nodulation, dinitrogen fixation, and grain and protein yield: preincubation of the plant molecula signal with B.japonicum (Zhang and smith 1996b, 1997); coinoculation of B.japonicum with other soil organisms, such as vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zhang et al. 1995b) ; adding growth-promoting rhizobacterria (Zhang et al. 1996,1997).
Being translated, please wait..
