This represented less than 0.4% of gross national income. Only Mexico's pension (social security) scheme is a lager social program. Progresa/Oportunidades is also organizationally efficient, with operating expenses of only about 6% of total outlays. This it owes in part to the direct provision of cash grant via bank cards to the beneficiaries, bypassing the sometimes ineffective and potentially corrupt administrative bureaucracy. Fully 82% goes to the direct cash transfers and the remaining 12% to natritional supplement and other in-kind transfers. Some additional costs for provision of health care and schooling are borne by the Mexican health and education ministries