ObjectiveTo investigate the air pollution–mortality relationship withi translation - ObjectiveTo investigate the air pollution–mortality relationship withi Indonesian how to say

ObjectiveTo investigate the air pol

Objective

To investigate the air pollution–mortality relationship within weather types and seasons, and to determine which combination of atmospheric conditions may pose increased health threats in the elderly age categories.
Methods

The relative risk of mortality (RR) due to air pollution was examined using Poisson generalized linear models (GLMs) within specific weather types. Analysis was completed by weather type and age group (all ages, ≤64, 65–74, 75–84, ≥85 years) in ten Canadian cities from 1981 to 1999.
Results

There was significant modification of RR by weather type and age. When examining the entire population, weather type was shown to have the greatest modifying effect on the risk of dying due to ozone (O3). This effect was highest on average for the dry tropical (DT) weather type, with the all-age RR of mortality at a population weighted mean (PWM) found to be 1.055 (95% CI 1.026–1.085). All-weather type risk estimates increased with age due to exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2). On average, RR increased by 2.6, 3.8 and 1.5% for the respective pollutants between the ≤64 and ≥85 age categories. Conversely, mean ozone estimates remained relatively consistent with age. Elevated levels of air pollution were found to be detrimental to the health of elderly individuals for all weather types. However, the entire population was negatively effected by air pollution on the hot dry (DT) and hot humid (MT) days.
Conclusions

We identified a significant modification of RR for mortality due to air pollution by age, which is enhanced under specific weather types. Efforts should be targeted at minimizing pollutant exposure to the elderly and/or all age groups with respect to weather type in question.
Abbreviations

CO, carbon monoxide; AIC, Akaike′s Information Criteria; DM, dry moderate; DP, dry polar; DT, dry tropical; GLM, generalized linear model; MM, moist moderate; MP, moist polar; MT, moist tropical; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; O3, ozone; PM, particulate matter; PWM, population weighted mean; SO2, sulphur dioxide; TR, transitional; RR, relative mortality risk

Keywords

Air pollutants; Acute health effects; Relative mortality risk; Weather types; Synoptic scale classificationBackground

Synoptic circulation patterns (large-scale weather systems) affect ambient levels of air pollution, as well as the relationship between air pollution and human health
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ObjectiveTo investigate the air pollution–mortality relationship within weather types and seasons, and to determine which combination of atmospheric conditions may pose increased health threats in the elderly age categories.MethodsThe relative risk of mortality (RR) due to air pollution was examined using Poisson generalized linear models (GLMs) within specific weather types. Analysis was completed by weather type and age group (all ages, ≤64, 65–74, 75–84, ≥85 years) in ten Canadian cities from 1981 to 1999.ResultsThere was significant modification of RR by weather type and age. When examining the entire population, weather type was shown to have the greatest modifying effect on the risk of dying due to ozone (O3). This effect was highest on average for the dry tropical (DT) weather type, with the all-age RR of mortality at a population weighted mean (PWM) found to be 1.055 (95% CI 1.026–1.085). All-weather type risk estimates increased with age due to exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2). On average, RR increased by 2.6, 3.8 and 1.5% for the respective pollutants between the ≤64 and ≥85 age categories. Conversely, mean ozone estimates remained relatively consistent with age. Elevated levels of air pollution were found to be detrimental to the health of elderly individuals for all weather types. However, the entire population was negatively effected by air pollution on the hot dry (DT) and hot humid (MT) days.ConclusionsWe identified a significant modification of RR for mortality due to air pollution by age, which is enhanced under specific weather types. Efforts should be targeted at minimizing pollutant exposure to the elderly and/or all age groups with respect to weather type in question.Abbreviations CO, carbon monoxide; AIC, Akaike′s Information Criteria; DM, dry moderate; DP, dry polar; DT, dry tropical; GLM, generalized linear model; MM, moist moderate; MP, moist polar; MT, moist tropical; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; O3, ozone; PM, particulate matter; PWM, population weighted mean; SO2, sulphur dioxide; TR, transitional; RR, relative mortality riskKeywords Air pollutants; Acute health effects; Relative mortality risk; Weather types; Synoptic scale classificationBackgroundSynoptic circulation patterns (large-scale weather systems) affect ambient levels of air pollution, as well as the relationship between air pollution and human health
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Tujuan

Untuk menyelidiki hubungan udara polusi kematian dalam jenis cuaca dan musim, dan untuk menentukan kombinasi kondisi atmosfer dapat berpose meningkat ancaman kesehatan dalam kategori usia tua.
Metode

Risiko relatif kematian (RR) karena polusi udara diperiksa menggunakan Poisson umum model linear (GLMS) dalam jenis cuaca tertentu. Analisis diselesaikan oleh jenis cuaca dan kelompok umur (semua umur, ≤64, 65-74, 75-84, ≥85 tahun) di sepuluh kota Kanada dari tahun 1981 hingga 1999.
Hasil

Ada modifikasi yang signifikan dari RR tipe cuaca dan usia. Ketika memeriksa seluruh populasi, jenis cuaca terbukti memiliki efek memodifikasi terbesar pada risiko kematian akibat ozon (O3). Efek ini adalah tertinggi rata-rata untuk jenis cuaca kering tropis (DT), dengan RR semua usia kematian pada rata-rata tertimbang populasi (PWM) ditemukan 1,055 (95% CI 1,026-1,085). Semua cuaca perkiraan risiko jenis meningkat dengan usia karena paparan karbon monoksida (CO), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan sulfur dioksida (SO2). Rata-rata, RR meningkat sebesar 2,6, 3,8 dan 1,5% untuk polutan masing antara ≤64 dan ≥85 kategori usia. Sebaliknya, rata-rata perkiraan ozon relatif konsisten dengan usia. Peningkatan kadar polusi udara yang ditemukan menjadi merugikan kesehatan orang lanjut usia untuk semua jenis cuaca. Namun, seluruh penduduk secara negatif dipengaruhi oleh polusi udara di kering panas (DT) dan lembab panas (MT) hari.
Kesimpulan

Kami mengidentifikasi modifikasi signifikan RR untuk kematian akibat polusi udara oleh usia, yang ditingkatkan di bawah jenis cuaca tertentu . Upaya harus ditargetkan untuk meminimalkan paparan polutan untuk orang tua dan / atau semua kelompok umur sehubungan dengan jenis cuaca yang bersangkutan.
Singkatan

CO, karbon monoksida; AIC, Kriteria Informasi Akaike ini; DM, kering moderat; DP, kering kutub; DT, kering tropis; GLM, umum model linier; MM, lembab moderat; MP, lembab kutub; MT, lembab tropis; NO2, nitrogen dioksida; O3, ozon; PM, partikel; PWM, populasi tertimbang rata-rata; SO2, sulfur dioksida; TR, transisi; RR, risiko kematian relatif

Keywords

Air polutan; Efek kesehatan yang akut; Risiko kematian relatif; Jenis cuaca; Skala sinoptik classificationBackground

pola sirkulasi sinoptik (cuaca sistem skala besar) mempengaruhi tingkat ambient dari polusi udara, serta hubungan antara polusi udara dan kesehatan manusia
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