demonstrates the dividing line between tax evasion and tax avoidance.  translation - demonstrates the dividing line between tax evasion and tax avoidance.  Indonesian how to say

demonstrates the dividing line betw

demonstrates the dividing line between tax evasion and tax avoidance. Tax evasion is a criminal offence and involves deliberate falsification of information and deceit, whereas tax avoidance involves arranging events and transactions in a certain timescale to secure a tax advantage. There is no general antiavoidance legislation in the UK that would enable the courts to cancel a transaction because it is motivated by tax avoidance. The courts must apply the facts of each individual case to the legislation. Case law has moved on from the Duke of Westminster case, and the tax authorities and the courts now see a distinction between artificial arrangements to avoid tax which they will reject, and arrangements of a taxpayer’s affairs or selection of a commercial option in order to minimise tax liabilities. The courts will reject a wholly false scenario and will view the stages in a series of transactions as one, as in the tax cases Furniss v. Dawson (1984) and Ramsay v. IRC (1981). However, if a commercial motivation is evident, the courts are likely to permit a transaction even if tax avoidance was a primary reason for the events; this was the position taken in Craven v. White (1988). A more recent case, Pigott v. Staines Investment Co. Ltd (1995), involved a company which obtained a tax advantage from transferring profits within the group. The courts decided that the method of transferring profits was both normal and commercial, and the fact that the motivation for the transactions was to secure a tax advantage was incidental. In IRC v. McGuckian (1997), it is clear that the court did not view tax avoidance as a moral issue. The counsel for the taxpayer admitted that the complex series of transactions involved in the case, motivated by tax avoidance, had no ethical merit. Lord Browne Wilkinson commented that this was irrelevant and that ‘statutory construction’ was more important than ‘moral approval’. The case was decided against the taxpayer not on the morality of the tax avoidance scheme but on the grounds that the series of transactions, following the principle established in the Ramsay case, had no commercial motivation. Flint (1997) comments that criticism in the professional press of the scheme in the McGuckian case, centred on the scheme being ‘flawed’ and ‘unsubtle’ rather than the morality of attempting to avoid tax. The tax profession has not yet fully addressed the issue of whether they accept the ethical view that a tax avoidance scheme which is within the letter of the law but not the spirit, is acceptable. In other words, is there such a thing as unethical tax avoidance? Hansen et al . (1992) illustrate the conflict between professional tax ethics and personal ethics by way of a case study. The example of transfer pricing is used to demonstrate that a legitimate tax avoidance scheme can have consequences beyond the corporate objective of minimising tax liabilities. Transfer pricing is the practice of setting a price between divisions or groups of companies. Sometimes groups and divisions
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demonstrates the dividing line between tax evasion and tax avoidance. Tax evasion is a criminal offence and involves deliberate falsification of information and deceit, whereas tax avoidance involves arranging events and transactions in a certain timescale to secure a tax advantage. There is no general antiavoidance legislation in the UK that would enable the courts to cancel a transaction because it is motivated by tax avoidance. The courts must apply the facts of each individual case to the legislation. Case law has moved on from the Duke of Westminster case, and the tax authorities and the courts now see a distinction between artificial arrangements to avoid tax which they will reject, and arrangements of a taxpayer’s affairs or selection of a commercial option in order to minimise tax liabilities. The courts will reject a wholly false scenario and will view the stages in a series of transactions as one, as in the tax cases Furniss v. Dawson (1984) and Ramsay v. IRC (1981). However, if a commercial motivation is evident, the courts are likely to permit a transaction even if tax avoidance was a primary reason for the events; this was the position taken in Craven v. White (1988). A more recent case, Pigott v. Staines Investment Co. Ltd (1995), involved a company which obtained a tax advantage from transferring profits within the group. The courts decided that the method of transferring profits was both normal and commercial, and the fact that the motivation for the transactions was to secure a tax advantage was incidental. In IRC v. McGuckian (1997), it is clear that the court did not view tax avoidance as a moral issue. The counsel for the taxpayer admitted that the complex series of transactions involved in the case, motivated by tax avoidance, had no ethical merit. Lord Browne Wilkinson commented that this was irrelevant and that ‘statutory construction’ was more important than ‘moral approval’. The case was decided against the taxpayer not on the morality of the tax avoidance scheme but on the grounds that the series of transactions, following the principle established in the Ramsay case, had no commercial motivation. Flint (1997) comments that criticism in the professional press of the scheme in the McGuckian case, centred on the scheme being ‘flawed’ and ‘unsubtle’ rather than the morality of attempting to avoid tax. The tax profession has not yet fully addressed the issue of whether they accept the ethical view that a tax avoidance scheme which is within the letter of the law but not the spirit, is acceptable. In other words, is there such a thing as unethical tax avoidance? Hansen et al . (1992) illustrate the conflict between professional tax ethics and personal ethics by way of a case study. The example of transfer pricing is used to demonstrate that a legitimate tax avoidance scheme can have consequences beyond the corporate objective of minimising tax liabilities. Transfer pricing is the practice of setting a price between divisions or groups of companies. Sometimes groups and divisions
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menunjukkan garis pemisah antara penggelapan pajak dan penghindaran pajak. Penggelapan pajak merupakan tindak pidana dan melibatkan pemalsuan yang disengaja informasi dan penipuan, sedangkan penghindaran pajak melibatkan mengatur peristiwa dan transaksi dalam skala waktu tertentu untuk mengamankan keuntungan pajak. Tidak ada undang-undang antiavoidance umum di Inggris yang akan memungkinkan pengadilan untuk membatalkan transaksi karena termotivasi oleh penghindaran pajak. Pengadilan harus menerapkan fakta setiap kasus individu untuk undang-undang. Kasus hukum telah pindah dari Duke kasus Westminster, dan otoritas pajak dan sekarang pengadilan melihat perbedaan antara pengaturan buatan untuk menghindari pajak yang mereka akan menolak, dan pengaturan urusan wajib pajak atau pemilihan opsi komersial untuk meminimalkan kewajiban pajak. Pengadilan akan menolak skenario yang sepenuhnya palsu dan akan melihat tahapan dalam serangkaian transaksi sebagai salah satu, seperti dalam kasus pajak Furniss v. Dawson (1984) dan Ramsay v. IRC (1981). Namun, jika motivasi komersial jelas, pengadilan cenderung mengizinkan transaksi bahkan jika penghindaran pajak adalah alasan utama untuk acara; ini adalah posisi yang diambil di Craven v. Putih (1988). Sebuah kasus yang lebih baru, Pigott v. Staines Investasi Co Ltd (1995), yang terlibat perusahaan yang memperoleh keuntungan pajak dari mentransfer keuntungan dalam kelompok. Pengadilan memutuskan bahwa metode mentransfer keuntungan adalah normal dan komersial, dan fakta bahwa motivasi untuk transaksi adalah untuk mengamankan keuntungan pajak adalah insidental. Dalam IRC v. McGuckian (1997), jelas bahwa pengadilan tidak melihat penghindaran pajak sebagai isu moral. Nasihat untuk wajib pajak mengakui bahwa serangkaian kompleks transaksi yang terlibat dalam kasus ini, didorong oleh penghindaran pajak, tidak etis jasa. Lord Browne Wilkinson berkomentar bahwa ini adalah tidak relevan dan bahwa 'pembangunan hukum' itu lebih penting daripada 'persetujuan moral ". Kasus ini diputuskan terhadap wajib pajak tidak pada moralitas skema penghindaran pajak, tetapi dengan alasan bahwa serangkaian transaksi, mengikuti prinsip yang ditetapkan dalam kasus Ramsay, tidak motivasi komersial. Flint (1997) berkomentar bahwa kritik dalam pers profesional skema dalam kasus McGuckian, berpusat pada skema menjadi 'cacat' dan 'unsubtle' daripada moralitas mencoba untuk menghindari pajak. Profesi pajak belum sepenuhnya membahas masalah apakah mereka menerima pandangan etika yang skema penghindaran pajak yang dalam surat hukum tetapi tidak semangat, diterima. Dengan kata lain, apakah ada hal seperti penghindaran pajak tidak etis? Hansen et al. (1992) menggambarkan konflik antara etika pajak profesional dan etika pribadi dengan cara studi kasus. Contoh transfer pricing digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa skema penghindaran pajak yang sah dapat memiliki konsekuensi di luar tujuan perusahaan untuk meminimalkan kewajiban pajak. Transfer pricing adalah praktek menetapkan harga antara divisi atau kelompok perusahaan. Kadang-kadang kelompok dan divisi
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