These are significant departures from the premises underlying the Kyoto
Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol contains obligatory (not discretionary or voluntary)
emission reduction targets for developed country Parties, and hence it endorses
commitments (and not just actions).26 It favors internationally negotiated (rather
than nationally determined) commitments, albeit implemented nationally
and regionally. It gives pride of place to quantified emission limitation and
reduction objectives (over policies and measures). It assesses performance
against targets and timetables (rather than efforts) and provides international
measurement, reporting, verification, and compliance procedures.