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The powerhouse of a hydroelectric development project is the place where the potential and kinetic energy of the water flowing through the water conducting system is transformed into mechanical energy of rotating turbines and which is then further converted to electrical energy by generators. In order to achieve these functions, certain important equipments are necessary that control the flow entering the turbines from the penstocks and direct the flow against the turbine blades for maximum efficient utilization of water power. Other equipments necessary are couplings to link the turbine rotation to generator and transformers and switching equipment to convey the electric power generated to the power distribution system.A powerhouse also accomodates equipment that are necessary for regular operation and maintenance of the turbine and power generating units. For example, overhead cranes are required for lifting or lowering ofturbines and generator during installation period or later for repair and maintenance. For the crane to run, guide rails on columns are essentially required. The maintenance of a unit is done by lifting it by the crane and transporting it to one end of the power house where abundant space is kept for placing the faulty unit. A workshop nearby provides necessary tools and space for the technicians working on the repair of the units.A control room is also essential in a powerhouse from where engineers can regulate the valves controlling water flow into the turbines or monitor the performance of each unit to the main power grid.Power houses that receive water from a reservoir through a penstock may be termed as power generating units detached from head works. There is another class of powerhouse that utilize the water head directly from the water body. These are usually the run-of the river type power houses mentioned in Lesson 5.1, which are located as a part of a barrage in a river or those which utilize the head difference of a canal fall.The detached power houses may be surface or underground types depending upon its position with respect to the ground surface. In-stream or run-of-river power houses are mostly surface type.Turbines are of different types like reaction or impulse-types. They may also be divided as with horizontal or vertical axes. This lesson discusses all the salient features of a
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