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1.2 Purpose of the Study The present study was done to see how students’ speaking progressed over the five weeks of
assessment, and to determine what strategies were used and improved upon in their speaking.
2. Literature Review Early developments in communication strategies began in the early 1970s. The concept that
learners of a second language devise a unique language system that lies between, but distinct
from both their native and target languages, was first named approximate system (Nemser
1971). A year later the commonly known name interlanguage (IL) was adopted (Selinker
1972). Varadi soon after suggested Communication Strategies (CSs) are used to compensate
for breakdowns in communication (Varadi, 1973). Clearly linked to CSs is communicative competence, encompassing expression,
interpretation, and negotiation of meaning, both psycholinguistic and sociocultural
(Savignon, 1972). Canale and Swain were the first to note that CSs are integral to
communicative competence (Canale & Swain, 1980). According to these two scholars,
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