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Thai) 1:
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Previous research has demonstrated that colors of lighting can modulate participants’ motivation to consume
the food placed under the lighting. This study was designed to determine whether the colors of lighting
can affect the amount of food consumed, in addition to sensory perception of the food. The influence of
lighting color was also compared between men and women. One-hundred twelve participants (62 men
and 50 women) were asked to consume a breakfast meal (omelets and mini-pancakes) under one of three
different lighting colors: white, yellow, and blue. During the test, hedonic impression of the food’s appearance,
willingness to eat, overall flavor intensity and overall impression of the food, and meal size
(i.e., the amount of food consumed) were measured. Blue lighting decreased the hedonic impression of
the food’s appearance, but not the willingness to eat, compared to yellow and white lighting conditions.
The blue lighting significantly decreased the amount consumed in men, but not in women, compared
to yellow and white lighting conditions. Overall flavor intensity and overall impression of the food were
not significantly different among the three lighting colors. In conclusion, this study provides empirical
evidence that the color of lighting can modulate the meal size. In particular, blue lighting can decrease
the amount of food eaten in men without reducing their acceptability of the food.
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