Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are the extraordinarily diverse group of chemicals used in veterinary medicine, agricultural practice, human health and cosmetic care. The various sources and origins of PPCPs as pollutants in the environment are depicted in the illustration. In the last few decades, many pharmaceutical residues (PhaR) were detected in the aquatic environment throughout the world (Daughton and Ternes, 1999). This fact has resulted in the recent emergence of concerns about the safety of drinking water, reclaimed and reused wastewater, and aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, PPCPs must be either be removed from water supplies or degraded if we wish to assure that it will not contaminate aquatic environments.