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Corruption manifests in different arenas of life in different ways, and can affect the corporate sector, public sector, individual politicians, political parties and governments. Transparency International generally defines corruption as "the abuse of entrusted power for private gain"[1] usually through bribery or kickbacks. A broader definition of corruption encompasses undue influence over public policies, institutions, laws and regulations by vested private interests at the expense of the public interest.[2] Corruption is often associated with fraud, which generally involves the deceitful use of documents or information for financial gain. However, fraud can occur at any level of an organisation and does not necessarily require the abuse of power.
Transparency International uses a Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) to compare levels of economic crime in different countries and has consistently ranked New Zealand as one of the least corrupt countries in the world. However the rankings are primarily based on opinion surveys rather than empirical evidence – and Transparency acknowledges that corruption is "to a great extent a hidden activity that is difficult to measure".[3] Notwithstanding the subjectivity of its corruption scale, it has ranked New Zealand as one of the least corrupt out of 183 countries since 2003
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