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Fifty years ago, Boardman (1962) described an alternative to the standard psychotherapeutic approach with children: “A ‘short cut’ involving the application of simple learning principles…” (p. 293) where the parents of 5-year old “Rusty” were taught procedures to change his rebellious behavior. Subsequently, in the mid to late 1960s, a group of clinical psychologists began programs of clinicalresearch utilizing parents as the focus of intervention for the disruptive behaviors of their young children (Bernal, Duryee, Pruett, & Burns, 1968; Hanf, 1969; Patterson & Brodsky, 1966; Wahler, Winkel, Peterson, & Morrison, 1965). Although the exact interventions utilized across these programs of research varied to some extent, the common factor was a focus on behavior, specifically changing parent behavior in order to change child behavior. This approach stood in contrast to the prevailing approach at the time: play therapy and psychodrama with the child to resolve underlying anxiety that was causing the child's disruptive behavior (Patterson, 1982).
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