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Mineralization of soil organic matter is a primary energy resource for organisms involved in nutrient recycling and soil structuration and allows nutrients to be return to the soil and be reused by plants. Soil organic matter is highly sensitive to change through management and is widely used as an indicator of soil quality. Soil quality assessment is essential to quantify the effects of human actions and improper management on the agroecosystem, mostly those related to the sustainability of the agriculture (Armenise et al, 2013). Changes in forest structure and management practices are likely to alter soil organic carbon content by changed input rates of organic matter, changed decomposability of organic matter and changes in soil moisture and temperature regimes, influencing decomposition rates (Post and Kwon, 2000; Lal, 2005). Various studies have reported a substancial decrease of soil organic matter after conversion to plantations (Guillaume et al., 2015; Van Straaten et al., 2015). The level of soil degradation in Jambi province and the establishment of new plantations on soils are raising major concerns about the sustainability of agricultural intensification in the tropics.Furthermore, the impacts of SOM losses on soil fertility remain unclear, in particular Soil organic matter (SOM) losses are also associated with a decrease of soil quality and fertility and thus, with a soil’s capacity to provide sustainable ecosystem services (Bastida et al., 2008; Lal, 2010, 2006). SOM is considered as an “umbrella” property of soil fertility because SOM decrease is associated with the decrease of most soil properties and functions related to fertility. This includes bulk density, nutrient availability, water penetration and holding capacity, erodibility, and microbial activity (Lal, 2006). For instance, SOM and crop yield are positively correlated in various agricultural systems (Bauer and Black, 1994; Ganzhara, 1998).
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