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The authority purchases bonds from private investors in an expansionary open
market operation. a dB , change in the bond holdings by the authority is positive,
which creates money with a positive dM . In the meantime, the amount of bonds
in private hands decreases. Money in circulation is effectively increased by the
amount of the bonds purchased by the authority. According to equation (10.5) and
equation (10.6) and the illustrations in Figure 10.2 and Figure 10.3, the interest
rate should fall due to an increase in the monetary base as well as a decrease in the
supply of domestic bonds. Consequently, the MM line shifts right-downwards to
M’M’ and the BB line shifts left-downwards to B’B’ in Figure 10.6. As suggested
by equation (10.7), a lower interest rate in the domestic country makes domestic
bonds less attractive, inducing private investors to holding foreign bonds. Accord-
ingly, the exchange rate increases or the domestic currency depreciates while the
demand for foreign bonds, as well as foreign bond prices in terms of the domestic
currency value, increases. Overall, the interest rate falls and the domestic currency
depreciates. The cross point for general equilibrium E moves to E’ where a new
general equilibrium attains, with a depreciated domestic currency settled down at
the new exchange rate ' S and a lower interest rate ' r .
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