The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects da translation - The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects da Indonesian how to say

The level of serum alanine aminotra

The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects damage to hepatocytes and is considered to be a highly
sensitive and fairly specific preclinical and clinical biomarker of hepatotoxicity. However, an increase in serum ALT activity level
has also been associated with other organ toxicities, thus, indicating that the enzyme has specificity beyond liver in the absence of
correlative histomorphologic alteration in liver. Thus, unidentified non-hepatic sources of serum ALT activity may inadvertently
influence the decision of whether to continue development of a novel pharmaceutical compound. To assess the risk of false positives
due to extraneous sources of serum ALT activity, additional biomarkers are sought with improved specificity for liver function
compared to serum ALT activity alone. Current published biomarker candidates are reviewed herein and compared with ALT
performance in preclinical and on occasion, clinical studies. An examination of the current state of hepatotoxic biomarkers indicates
that serum F protein, arginase I, and glutathione-
S
-transferase alpha (GST

) levels, all measured by ELISA, may show utility,
however, antibody availability and high cost per run may present limitations to widespread applicability in preclinical safety studies.
In contrast, the enzymatic markers sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, paraxonase, malate dehydrogenase, and purine
nucleoside phosphorylase are all readily measured by photometric methods and use reagents that work across preclinical species
and humans and are commercially available. The published literature suggests that these markers, once examined collectively in a
large qualification study, could provide additional information relative to serum ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values.
Since these biomarkers are found in the serum/plasma of treated humans and rats, they have potential to be utilized as bridging
markers to monitor acute drug-induced liver injury in early clinical trials.
© 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
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The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects damage to hepatocytes and is considered to be a highlysensitive and fairly specific preclinical and clinical biomarker of hepatotoxicity. However, an increase in serum ALT activity levelhas also been associated with other organ toxicities, thus, indicating that the enzyme has specificity beyond liver in the absence ofcorrelative histomorphologic alteration in liver. Thus, unidentified non-hepatic sources of serum ALT activity may inadvertentlyinfluence the decision of whether to continue development of a novel pharmaceutical compound. To assess the risk of false positivesdue to extraneous sources of serum ALT activity, additional biomarkers are sought with improved specificity for liver functioncompared to serum ALT activity alone. Current published biomarker candidates are reviewed herein and compared with ALTperformance in preclinical and on occasion, clinical studies. An examination of the current state of hepatotoxic biomarkers indicatesthat serum F protein, arginase I, and glutathione-S-transferase alpha (GST) levels, all measured by ELISA, may show utility,however, antibody availability and high cost per run may present limitations to widespread applicability in preclinical safety studies.In contrast, the enzymatic markers sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, paraxonase, malate dehydrogenase, and purinenucleoside phosphorylase are all readily measured by photometric methods and use reagents that work across preclinical speciesand humans and are commercially available. The published literature suggests that these markers, once examined collectively in alarge qualification study, could provide additional information relative to serum ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values.Since these biomarkers are found in the serum/plasma of treated humans and rats, they have potential to be utilized as bridgingmarkers to monitor acute drug-induced liver injury in early clinical trials.© 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
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Tingkat serum ALT (SGPT) aktivitas mencerminkan kerusakan hepatosit dan dianggap menjadi sangat
biomarker praklinis dan klinis sensitif dan cukup spesifik hepatotoksisitas. Namun, peningkatan tingkat aktivitas ALT serum
juga telah dikaitkan dengan toksisitas organ lain, sehingga, menunjukkan bahwa enzim memiliki kekhususan luar hati dengan tidak adanya
perubahan histomorphologic korelatif dalam hati. Dengan demikian, sumber-sumber non-hati teridentifikasi aktivitas ALT serum secara tidak sengaja dapat
mempengaruhi keputusan apakah akan melanjutkan pengembangan senyawa farmasi baru. Untuk menilai risiko positif palsu
karena sumber asing aktivitas ALT serum, biomarker tambahan dicari dengan meningkatkan spesifisitas untuk fungsi hati
dibandingkan dengan aktivitas ALT serum saja. Kandidat biomarker yang diterbitkan saat ini ditinjau di sini dan dibandingkan dengan ALT
kinerja, studi klinis praklinis dan pada kesempatan. Pemeriksaan keadaan saat biomarker hepatotoksik menunjukkan
bahwa protein serum F, arginase saya, dan glutathione-
S
-transferase alpha (GST
?
) Tingkat, semua diukur dengan ELISA, dapat menunjukkan utilitas,
bagaimanapun, ketersediaan antibodi dan biaya tinggi per run mungkin keterbatasan hadir untuk penerapan luas dalam studi keamanan praklinis.
Sebaliknya, spidol enzimatik dehidrogenase sorbitol, glutamat dehidrogenase, paraxonase, dehidrogenase malat, dan purin
nukleosida fosforilase semua mudah diukur dengan metode fotometrik dan penggunaan reagen yang bekerja di seluruh spesies praklinis
dan manusia dan tersedia secara komersial. Literatur yang diterbitkan menunjukkan bahwa tanda tersebut, setelah diperiksa secara kolektif dalam
studi kualifikasi besar, bisa memberikan informasi tambahan dibandingkan dengan serum (AST) nilai-nilai ALT dan aspartat aminotransferase.
Sejak biomarker ini ditemukan dalam serum / plasma manusia diperlakukan dan tikus, mereka memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bridging
penanda untuk memantau kerusakan hati akibat obat akut dalam uji klinis awal.
© 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved
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