While the practice of project management has evolved since the mid-20 Beyond Cost, Schedule and Performance:
Managing System-of-Systems Programs th century, project management theory has not
[1]. Cost, schedule and performance, the trinity of project management, are metrics and constraints—the outputs of
business processes—not management behaviors. Project management represents and is meant to manage change.
However, it assumes a structured and stable environment that doesn’t reflect the reality of today’s exponential growth in
technology and complexity.
The traditional project management constraints are insufficient to enable and inform the management of complex, system-of-systems development programs.