The scientific literature gives the following reasons for the productivity limitations of longer and longer workweeks:
Fatigue—employees simply being too physically and mentally tired to perform at their best ability
As more time is provided or available to complete a task, work rate slows and unproductive time increases
Concerns over work/family balance and health problems may lead to presenteeism— where the employee is physically at work, but his or her mind is not on the job
If employees are working long workweeks simply to be seen “putting in the hours,” it is likely that these hours are less productive
In shift work operations, morale is lower in industries with higher overtime—companies with excellent to fair morale had overtime levels of 11.5% versus 15.5% in those with poor or very poor morale (Figure 3).3
นิคฮ์เชื่อความต้องการที่คนทำงานเป็นเวลาพิเศษจะมีผลกระทบที่เป็นอันตรายในระยะยาวกับพนักงาน พนักงานจะกลายเป็นไม่แยแสไม่ก่อผลไม่พอใจและไม่ก่อผล นี้จะมีผลกระทบที่เป็นอันตรายต่อการตัดสินใจความพยายามและการผลิตเป็นผลมาจากการลดลงในการสู้รบ. บาร์บาราโฮล์มส์ผู้จัดการสมดุลชีวิตการทำงานระหว่างประเทศที่อ้างว่าวิธีการนี้เพื่อคุณภาพชีวิตไม่ sustainable.She กล่าวว่านายจ้างควรพิจารณาสุขภาพความปลอดภัยและสุขภาพที่ดีของ บุคลากร พนักงานเท่านั้นที่สามารถรับมือกับเวลามากเกินไปในช่วงเวลาสั้น#4 - Increased Absenteeism
Excessive overtime can lead to absenteeism as a result of poor health, fatigue, or people simply needing to take time off. Absences often need to be covered by replacement employees, often working overtime themselves, making the problem self-perpetuating.
Excessive overtime can also result in morale problems, which can be manifested as low productivity, absenteeism, turnover and labor issues. In Circadian’s Shiftwork Practices 2004, 31% of shift work companies with very high overtime levels (more than 10 hours per employee per week) had poor morale. Conversely, only 13% of companies with normal overtime amounts had poor morale. Morale was reflected in absenteeism levels: 54% of operations with high overtime also had absenteeism levels above 9%, compared with only 23% of operations with normal levels of overtime.
This is not to say that all absenteeism is a result of employee response to overtime—companies with high absenteeism will often use overtime to fill vacancies. However, it is likely that the problem is self-perpetuating to some degree.
#5 - Increased Turnover Rates
It follows that another adverse effect of excessive absenteeism will be increased turnover, as the lack of work-life balance and fatigue resulting from excessive overtime finally catch up with some employees. Again, as with absenteeism, companies with high turnover are also likely to have high overtime, as employees must work to make up for vacant positions if demand is to be met.
Turnover as a direct result of working excessive hours is more likely in non-hourly positions, where the employees are not being paid a premium to work the extra hours.
Nick Greenhalgh believes the requirement that people work extraordinary hours will have a long-term detrimental impact on employees. Employees will become disillusioned, unproductive, resentful and unproductive. This will have a detrimental impact on discretionary effort and productivity as a consequence of a decline in engagement.
Barbara Holmes of Managing Work Life Balance International claims this approach to worklife is not sustainable.She says that employers should consider the health, safety and wellbeing of staff. Employees can only cope with excessive hours for a short time.