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Community Planning
Aside from the Community Chests, which had been established during the first World War and early 1920s, and Councils of Social Agencies, community planning tended to be quiescent during the 1920s. By the mid-1930s, however, social planning became one of the federal government, important tools to over-come the effects of the Depression. Asa result, social workers began consciously to expand their skills to include planning as well. As Patterson (2001) notes: -The American Public Welfare Association and the American Association of Social Workers lobbied hard in the early 1930s for federal public works and employment relief.... Social workers never showed more interest in public welfare than they did in the Depression years" (pp. 44, S7--77). Many social workers were recruited to serve in influential positions in the Roosevelt Administration, where they played an active role in the creation and implementation of federal plans and policies. They included Ewan Clague, administrator of the Social Security Administration; Jane Hoey, director of the Bureau of Public Assistance; Frances Perkins, secre-tary of labor; and Wilbur J. `WE Social Security" Cohen, author of the Social Security Ass and later secretary of health education and welfare. Earlier, Grace and Edith Abbott, Eduard Lindeman, Henry Morgenthau Jr., Adolph A. Berle, I. M. Rubinow (father of social insurance in America), and Paul Kellogg (editor of Survey magazine) also held lead-ership positions in federal programs.
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