Causes of schizophrenia The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown, translation - Causes of schizophrenia The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown, Indonesian how to say

Causes of schizophrenia The exact c

Causes of schizophrenia
The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown, but research suggests that a combination of physical, genetic, psychological and environmental factors can make people more likely to develop the condition.
Current thinking is that some people may be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode. However, it's not known why some people develop symptoms while others don't.
Increased risk
Things that increase the chances of schizophrenia developing include:
Genetics
Schizophrenia tends to run in families, but no one gene is thought to be responsible. It's more likely that different combinations of genes make people more vulnerable to the condition. However, having these genes doesn't necessarily mean you will develop schizophrenia.
Evidence the disorder is partly inherited comes from studies of twins. Identical twins share the same genes. In identical twins, if one twin develops schizophrenia, the other twin has a one in two chance of developing it too. This is true even if they are raised separately.
In non-identical twins, who have different genetic make-ups, when one twin develops schizophrenia, the other only has a one in seven chance of developing the condition.
While this is higher than in the general population (where the chance is about 1 in a 100), it suggests genes are not the only factor influencing the development of schizophrenia.
Brain development
Studies of people with schizophrenia have shown there are subtle differences in the structure of their brains. These changes aren't seen in everyone with schizophrenia and can occur in people who don't have a mental illness. But they suggest schizophrenia may partly be a disorder of the brain.
Neurotransmitters
These are chemicals that carry messages between brain cells. There is a connection between neurotransmitters and schizophrenia because drugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain are known to relieve some of the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Research suggests schizophrenia may be caused by a change in the level of two neurotransmitters: dopamine and serotonin. Some studies indicate an imbalance between the two may be the basis of the problem. Others have found a change in the body's sensitivity to the neurotransmitters is part of the cause of schizophrenia.
Pregnancy and birth complications
Research has shown that people who develop schizophrenia are more likely to have experienced complications before and during their birth, such as a low birth weight, premature labour, or a lack of oxygen (asphyxia) during birth. It may be that these things have a subtle effect on brain development.
Triggers
Triggers are things that can cause schizophrenia to develop in people who are at risk. These include:
Stress
The main psychological triggers of schizophrenia are stressful life events, such as a bereavement, losing your job or home, a divorce or the end of a relationship, or physical, sexual, emotional or racial abuse. These kinds of experiences, though stressful, do not cause schizophrenia, but can trigger its development in someone already vulnerable to it.
Drug abuse
Drugs do not directly cause schizophrenia, but studies have shown drug misuse increases the risk of developing schizophrenia or a similar illness.
Certain drugs, particularly cannabis, cocaine, LSD or amphetamines, may trigger symptoms of schizophrenia in people who are susceptible. Using amphetamines or cocaine can lead to psychosis and can cause a relapse in people recovering from an earlier episode.
Three major studies have shown teenagers under 15 who use cannabis regularly, especially "skunk" and other more potent forms of the drug, are up to four times more likely to develop schizophrenia by the age of 26.

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Causes of schizophrenia The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown, but research suggests that a combination of physical, genetic, psychological and environmental factors can make people more likely to develop the condition.Current thinking is that some people may be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode. However, it's not known why some people develop symptoms while others don't.Increased riskThings that increase the chances of schizophrenia developing include:GeneticsSchizophrenia tends to run in families, but no one gene is thought to be responsible. It's more likely that different combinations of genes make people more vulnerable to the condition. However, having these genes doesn't necessarily mean you will develop schizophrenia.Evidence the disorder is partly inherited comes from studies of twins. Identical twins share the same genes. In identical twins, if one twin develops schizophrenia, the other twin has a one in two chance of developing it too. This is true even if they are raised separately. In non-identical twins, who have different genetic make-ups, when one twin develops schizophrenia, the other only has a one in seven chance of developing the condition. While this is higher than in the general population (where the chance is about 1 in a 100), it suggests genes are not the only factor influencing the development of schizophrenia.Brain developmentStudies of people with schizophrenia have shown there are subtle differences in the structure of their brains. These changes aren't seen in everyone with schizophrenia and can occur in people who don't have a mental illness. But they suggest schizophrenia may partly be a disorder of the brain.NeurotransmittersThese are chemicals that carry messages between brain cells. There is a connection between neurotransmitters and schizophrenia because drugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain are known to relieve some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Research suggests schizophrenia may be caused by a change in the level of two neurotransmitters: dopamine and serotonin. Some studies indicate an imbalance between the two may be the basis of the problem. Others have found a change in the body's sensitivity to the neurotransmitters is part of the cause of schizophrenia.Pregnancy and birth complicationsResearch has shown that people who develop schizophrenia are more likely to have experienced complications before and during their birth, such as a low birth weight, premature labour, or a lack of oxygen (asphyxia) during birth. It may be that these things have a subtle effect on brain development.TriggersTriggers are things that can cause schizophrenia to develop in people who are at risk. These include:StressThe main psychological triggers of schizophrenia are stressful life events, such as a bereavement, losing your job or home, a divorce or the end of a relationship, or physical, sexual, emotional or racial abuse. These kinds of experiences, though stressful, do not cause schizophrenia, but can trigger its development in someone already vulnerable to it.Drug abuseDrugs do not directly cause schizophrenia, but studies have shown drug misuse increases the risk of developing schizophrenia or a similar illness.Certain drugs, particularly cannabis, cocaine, LSD or amphetamines, may trigger symptoms of schizophrenia in people who are susceptible. Using amphetamines or cocaine can lead to psychosis and can cause a relapse in people recovering from an earlier episode.Three major studies have shown teenagers under 15 who use cannabis regularly, especially "skunk" and other more potent forms of the drug, are up to four times more likely to develop schizophrenia by the age of 26.
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Penyebab skizofrenia
Penyebab pasti skizofrenia tidak diketahui, tetapi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi faktor fisik, genetik, psikologis dan lingkungan dapat membuat orang lebih mungkin untuk mengembangkan kondisi tersebut.
pemikiran saat ini adalah bahwa beberapa orang mungkin rentan terhadap skizofrenia, dan stres atau emosi acara kehidupan mungkin memicu episode psikotik. Namun, tidak diketahui mengapa beberapa orang mengalami gejala sementara yang lain tidak.
Peningkatan risiko
Hal yang meningkatkan kemungkinan skizofrenia berkembang meliputi:
Genetika
Skizofrenia cenderung berjalan dalam keluarga, tetapi tidak ada satu gen yang dianggap bertanggung jawab. Ini lebih mungkin bahwa kombinasi yang berbeda dari gen membuat orang lebih rentan terhadap kondisi tersebut. Namun, memiliki gen ini tidak selalu berarti Anda akan mengembangkan skizofrenia.
Bukti gangguan sebagian diwariskan berasal dari studi kembar. Kembar identik berbagi gen yang sama. Pada kembar identik, jika salah satu kembar mengembangkan skizofrenia, kembar lain memiliki satu dari dua kemungkinan mengembangkan juga. Hal ini berlaku bahkan jika mereka dibesarkan secara terpisah.
Dalam kembar non-identik, yang memiliki berbagai genetik make-up, ketika salah satu kembar mengembangkan skizofrenia, yang lain hanya memiliki satu dari tujuh kesempatan mengembangkan kondisi tersebut.
Sementara ini lebih tinggi daripada di populasi umum (di mana kesempatan adalah sekitar 1 dalam 100), ini menunjukkan gen bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan skizofrenia.
Perkembangan otak
Studi dari orang dengan skizofrenia telah menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang halus dalam struktur otak mereka. Perubahan ini tidak terlihat pada orang dengan skizofrenia dan dapat terjadi pada orang yang tidak memiliki penyakit mental. Tapi mereka menyarankan skizofrenia sebagian mungkin gangguan otak.
neurotransmiter
ini adalah bahan kimia yang membawa pesan antara sel-sel otak. Ada hubungan antara neurotransmitter dan skizofrenia karena obat yang mengubah tingkat neurotransmitter di otak yang dikenal untuk meringankan beberapa gejala skizofrenia.
Penelitian menunjukkan skizofrenia mungkin disebabkan oleh perubahan tingkat dua neurotransmitter: dopamin dan serotonin. Beberapa studi menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan antara kedua mungkin menjadi dasar dari masalah. Lain telah menemukan perubahan dalam sensitivitas tubuh terhadap neurotransmiter adalah bagian dari penyebab skizofrenia.
Kehamilan dan kelahiran komplikasi
Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa orang yang mengembangkan skizofrenia lebih mungkin untuk memiliki komplikasi yang dialami sebelum dan selama kelahiran mereka, seperti kelahiran yang rendah berat, persalinan prematur, atau kekurangan oksigen (asfiksia) selama kelahiran. Mungkin hal-hal ini memiliki efek halus pada perkembangan otak.
Pemicu
Pemicu adalah hal-hal yang dapat menyebabkan skizofrenia untuk mengembangkan pada orang yang berisiko. Ini termasuk:
Stres
Pemicu psikologis utama skizofrenia peristiwa kehidupan yang penuh stres, seperti kehilangan seorang, kehilangan pekerjaan atau rumah, perceraian atau akhir dari hubungan, atau kekerasan fisik, seksual, emosional atau ras. Jenis-jenis pengalaman, meskipun stres, tidak menyebabkan skizofrenia, tetapi bisa memicu perkembangannya pada seseorang yang sudah rentan untuk itu.
Penyalahgunaan obat
Obat tidak langsung menyebabkan skizofrenia, namun penelitian telah menunjukkan penyalahgunaan narkoba meningkatkan risiko mengembangkan skizofrenia atau penyakit serupa .
Obat-obatan tertentu, terutama ganja, kokain, LSD atau amfetamin, dapat memicu gejala skizofrenia pada orang yang rentan. Menggunakan amfetamin atau kokain dapat menyebabkan psikosis dan dapat menyebabkan kekambuhan pada orang pulih dari episode sebelumnya.
Tiga studi utama telah menunjukkan remaja di bawah 15 yang menggunakan ganja secara teratur, terutama "skunk" dan bentuk-bentuk yang lebih kuat lain dari obat, yang sampai empat kali lebih mungkin untuk mengembangkan skizofrenia pada usia 26.

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