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These recent declines in student visa applications can be attributed to a number of factors, including changes to student visa regulations (for example, requiring international students to demonstrate their financial resources), and changes to the General Skilled Migration program, which have made the transition from international student to permanent residency more difficultTrends and emerging values like technological advances, environmental emergencies, andglobal economy are shaping the world. They affect corporate culture and the employees whosupport the culture. Environmental forces such as technology as well as political/regulatory,economic, and socio-cultural challenges, coupled with bad decision-making, a lack of resources andknowledge, and global competition, are all factors driving change. H. Scott (2004) explained, “Inaddition, three full decades of economic restructuring in the age of globalization, coupled with therise of the ‘New Economy,’ have resulted in a complementary and fundamental shift in employmentstatus....Why downsizing? Environmental forces constantly affect society and organizations alike. On theone hand, organizations can create a cycle whereby they can influence or control the circumstancesin which they operate through the changes they make and the way in which they make them.However, organizations also can find themselves in a vicious spiral of decline and stagnationthrough an inability to control their own destiny with inconsistent and unsuccessful approaches tochange. Burke (2005) indicated, “Organizational restructuring and downsizing are a complex anddifficult task. A small but growing literature suggests that such changes fail to reach their objectivesอัตราการเติบโตของนักเรียนต่างชาติของออสเตรเลียในช่วงมากกว่า10ปีที่ผ่านมามีอัตราการเติบโตเพิ่มขึ้นโดยเฉพาะในปี2002-2009 อัตราการเติบโตได้เพิ่มขึ้นเป็นdouble แต่อย่างไรก็ตามตั้งแต่ปี2010สัดส่วนของนักเรียนต่างชาติมีอัตราการเติบโตที่ลดลง ซึ่งมีผลกระทบจากปัจจัยภายนอก จากอัตราการเติบโตที่ลดลงนำไปสู่นโยบายการบริหารจัดการhuman resource ทางมหาวิทยาลัยต้องมีการปรับลดจำนวนพนักงานนำไปสู่downsizing How do organizations implement downsizing?Three forms of implementation strategies havebeen identified; workforce reduction, organization redesign, and systemic strategies (Farell &Mavondo, 2004). First, the workforce reduction strategy concentrates on the reduction of theoverall number of employees, including layoffs,retrenchments, natural attritions, early retirements,hiring freezes, golden parachutes, and buyout packages. This strategy is commonly implemented in a reactive manner as a cost-cutting measure(Ryan & Macky, 1998), yet has shown to be rarely successful. Second, the organization redesign strategy focuses on eliminating work and includes activities, such as abolishing functions, eliminating hierarchical levels, redesigning tasks, and consolidating units (Farell & Mavondo, 2004).Third, the systemic strategy assumes a more holistic and macro view focusing on changing the organizationís intrinsic culture and the attitudes and values of its employees There are many factors that would affect human resource management.However the main four are considered to beWhile the pain of downsizing-related layoffs can’t be avoided entirely, it can be mitigated. Anticipating the duration and depth of an industry downturn, for example, can definitely help a manager prepare and deploy HR practices that will, in turn, help both employees and firms adjust to difficult times. This author discusses some responses that have been known to be effective.
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