Results (
Thai) 2:
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DISCUSSION
The findings from this preliminary study suggest that a
TCJ can modestly improve sleep in older adults with insomnia.
At the within-group level, TCJ was associated with
significant improvements on each of the sleep continuity
variables as well as the ISI. Compared to placebo, the ISI
score and WASO were reduced. Possibly because of a floor
effect (this sample did not have high levels of sleep onset
problems) there was no significant improvement on SL. The
amount of improvements and their related effect sizes are
smaller than those achieved in pharmacotherapy or behavioral
trials (effect sizes of *1.0 for WASO, TWT, and SE
and *0.5 for TST). Further, the magnitude of the improvements
at the group mean level was such that participants
continued to have a significant amount of sleep
disturbance. In fact, using clinical benchmarks, the sample,
as a whole, continued to evidence insomnia
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