Traditionally, employee turnover studies in the USA have focused on th translation - Traditionally, employee turnover studies in the USA have focused on th Indonesian how to say

Traditionally, employee turnover st

Traditionally, employee turnover studies in the USA have focused on three variables - individual satisfaction, commitment, and intention. These variables have been the most influential predictors of turnover ([9] Hom and Griffeth, 1991, [10] 1995; [11] Hom and Kinicki, 2001; [13] Lee, 1996; [14] Lee and Mitchell, 1994; [17] Mobley, 1977; [24] Tett and Meyer, 1993), and meta-analyses have confirmed the widely accepted findings ([7] Griffeth et al. , 2000; [10] Hom and Griffeth, 1995). A major question, then, is what goes on in the organization that influences these individual variables?

According to [5] Good et al. (1988), the field of retailing may be particularly vulnerable to high turnover due to work-family conflict associated with conditions endemic to the retail field, notably long hours (including nights, weekends, and holidays), relatively low entry-level pay, and frequent expectations to relocate. For example, fast food retailers could have turnover in excess of 100 percent ([21] Steel et al. , 2002), but full-time retail employees, including managers, are also prone to higher turnover. [20] Rhoads et al. (2002) reported on a study finding a 39 percent turnover over a five-year period for retail store management and 21 percent among retail corporate managers.

While turnover continues to be problematic and costs continue to rise, relatively few turnover studies have been conducted in retail settings, and fewer still have focused exclusively on retail managers. Since existing theories have not offered solutions to ameliorate the problem, new theories or models need to be tested to identify ways to retain managerial talent.

The purpose of the current study was to identify factors that influence retail managerial turnover in the USA. This study of over 500 retail managers in three randomly selected retail organizations differs from previous turnover studies in several ways. First, this study targeted the retail industry and specifically retail managers. Second, whereas most turnover studies use commitment or intention to quit as surrogates for leaving, this longitudinal study tracks managerial turnover over a period of one year and extends to the actual turnover decision. Third, the conceptual foundation used for this study is a new model that offers a fresh perspective and adds some new variables and terms to the turnover equation. This study is a test of that model. The current study also contributes to management practice by offering implications for career development in retail organizations.
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Secara tradisional, karyawan omset studi di Amerika Serikat telah berfokus pada tiga variabel - individu kepuasan, komitmen, dan niat. Variabel ini telah prediktor paling berpengaruh dari omset (Hom [9] dan Griffeth, 1991, [10] 1995; [11] Hom dan Kinicki, 2001; [13] Lee, 1996; [14] Lee dan Mitchell, 1994; [17] Mobley, 1977; [24] Tett dan Meyer, 1993), dan meta-analisis telah mengkonfirmasi temuan-temuan yang diterima secara luas ([7] Griffeth et al., 2000; [10] Hom dan Griffeth, 1995). Pertanyaan besar, kemudian, adalah apa yang terjadi di dalam organisasi yang mempengaruhi variabel ini individu?Menurut [5] baik et al. (1988), bidang ritel mungkin sangat rentan terhadap omset tinggi karena pekerjaan-keluarga konflik terkait dengan kondisi endemik ke bidang ritel, terutama panjang jam (termasuk malam, akhir pekan dan hari libur), relatif rendah entry-level membayar, dan sering harapan untuk pindah. Sebagai contoh, makanan cepat saji pengecer bisa memiliki omset lebih dari 100 persen ([21] Steel et al., 2002), tetapi karyawan penuh-waktu ritel, termasuk manajer, juga rentan terhadap omset lebih tinggi. [20] Rhoads et al. (2002) melaporkan pada sebuah studi yang menemukan omset 39 persen selama periode lima tahun untuk ritel menyimpan manajemen dan 21 persen antara pengelola perusahaan ritel.Sementara omset terus bermasalah dan biaya terus meningkat, relatif sedikit omset penelitian telah dilakukan dalam pengaturan ritel, dan lebih sedikit masih memiliki terfokus pada Manajer ritel. Karena teori-teori yang sudah ada tidak menawarkan solusi untuk memperbaiki masalah, teori-teori baru atau model perlu diuji untuk mengidentifikasi cara untuk mempertahankan bakat manajerial.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ritel manajerial omset di Amerika Serikat. Studi ini lebih dari 500 ritel manajer di tiga organisasi ritel yang dipilih secara acak berbeda dari studi omset sebelumnya dalam beberapa cara. Pertama, studi ini ditargetkan industri ritel dan khusus ritel manajer. Kedua, sedangkan kebanyakan studi omset menggunakan komitmen atau niat untuk berhenti sebagai pengganti untuk meninggalkan, studi longitudinal ini trek manajerial omset selama satu tahun dan meluas ke keputusan sebenarnya omset. Ketiga, fondasi konseptual yang digunakan untuk studi ini adalah model baru yang menawarkan perspektif segar dan menambahkan beberapa variabel baru dan persyaratan untuk persamaan omset. Studi ini adalah uji model. Penelitian ini juga berkontribusi terhadap praktik manajemen dengan menawarkan implikasi bagi karir pengembangan organisasi ritel.
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