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. IntroductionThe production of knowledge is central to long-term economic growth.Yet little is known about how knowledge is produced, making it difficult topredict which types of incentives are most effective in eliciting effort fromknowledge producers. Prizes are a common incentive for knowledge production;hundreds of scientific prizes are awarded throughout the world and across allscientific disciplines. Although these prizes are frequently awarded with theexplicit goal of inspiring more and better scientific work (Scotchmer, 2006), aquestion remains: are they effective?An extensive theoretical and empirical literature examines how thepresence of potential future rewards (whether a promotion to CEO or winning agolf tournament) elicits optimal efforts from the tournament participants in theireffort to win the contest.1 This literature emphasizes the incentive effects of theprize prior to the completion of the tournament. But what happens to theproductivity of tournament winners after they win the prize?2 Standard models of
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