Objective and Scope of the Study
This study intends to explore the ways English Language Learners (ELLs) are
using their smartphones for language-learning purposes. Their level of sophistication, or
lack thereof, in the applications, activities and resources accessed can help determine the
appropriate amount and direction of the assistance they need to make mobile learning
most effective. As Kukulska-Hulme (2010) points out:
A culture of listening to learners will involve finding out about their current
practices with mobile technologies and seeking to extend them or channel them in
the right direction