Australia’s solar energy resources are among the best in the world, wi translation - Australia’s solar energy resources are among the best in the world, wi Vietnamese how to say

Australia’s solar energy resources

Australia’s solar energy resources are among the best in the world, with high levels of solar
radiation and considerable land-mass suitable for large-scale solar developments. Despite
this comparative advantage, solar’s share of electricity output in Australia is half the OECD
average.
11 The cost of materials and installation, the difficulties in storing solar energy, and
the need for substantial additional infrastructure are impediments to the expansion of the
industry, however advances in solar technology and reductions in cost are likely to see the
percentage of solar energy increase over coming decades.1
Although the health and environmental profile of solar is much less damaging than fossil
fuels, it currently has greater impacts than many other renewables. Given the nature of the
health risks and the fact that Australia currently imports materials for PV module assembly,
the health impacts are most likely to be experienced by workers in the countries responsible
for the production of photovoltaic (PV) cells, which involves many toxic materials that are
also used in the microelectronic industry more generally.3 The exposure pathways are mostly
limited to workers inhaling fumes or coming into direct contact with materials such as silicon
tetrachloride, lead and cadmium, however there are several reports of toxic material being
released into the wider community.12,13 The actual health impacts that result from these
processes is then dictated by the extent to which industry bodies adhere to health and safety
protocols, and the improvement of materials and production techniques.
Solar energy is not responsible for any direct GHG emissions from energy generation,
however the production of materials—especially for solar PVs—is currently quite energy
intensive, making its GHG emissions profile high compared to other renewable energy.
However, this is still substantially less than the GHG intensity of fossil fuels and much lower
for technologies such as large-scale CST systems.5
The running of solar facilities has very low impact on human an environmental health.
Despite large-scale solar developments requiring considerable areas of land, there appears
to be little land-conflict in Australia. However, some forms of large-scale solar use
considerable amounts of water—more than coal and gas in some instances—which is of
particular concern in Australia.4

While current solar technologies have greater health and environmental costs than other
sources of renewable energy, it is still a relatively young technology with advances in the
field seeing these costs rapidly decline. Even using current technologies, its impacts are still
substantially less than fossil fuels. However, careful attention needs to be paid to the
distribution of benefits and burdens that attends different solar technologies and scales of
implementation. The current risk associated with the production of PV materials for workers
in other countries in particular, suggests that Australia needs to accept moral responsibility
for this aspect of the industry.
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Nguồn năng lượng mặt trời của Úc là một trong số tốt nhất trên thế giới, với mức độ cao của năng lượng mặt trờibức xạ và đáng kể diện tích đất-khối lượng phù hợp với sự phát triển năng lượng mặt trời quy mô lớn. Mặc dùlợi thế so sánh này, năng lượng mặt trời của phần sản lượng điện ở Úc là nửa OECDTrung bình.11 chi phí vật liệu và cài đặt, những khó khăn trong lưu trữ năng lượng mặt trời, vàsự cần thiết cho cơ sở hạ tầng bổ sung đáng kể là những trở ngại để mở rộng của cácngành công nghiệp, Tuy nhiên những tiến bộ trong công nghệ năng lượng mặt trời và cắt giảm chi phí có khả năng để xem cáctỷ lệ phần trăm của năng lượng mặt trời tăng lên tới decades.1Mặc dù sức khỏe và các hồ sơ môi trường của năng lượng mặt trời là ít hơn nhiều gây thiệt hại hơn hóa thạchnhiên liệu, nó hiện đang có tác động lớn hơn nhiều các năng lượng tái tạo khác. Đưa ra bản chất của cácnguy cơ sức khỏe và thực tế rằng Úc hiện đang nhập khẩu nguyên vật liệu cho PV module hội,Các tác động y tế có thể được kinh nghiệm của người lao động tại các quốc gia chịu trách nhiệmsản xuất các tế bào quang điện (PV), mà liên quan đến rất nhiều vật liệu độc hạicũng được sử dụng trong ngành công nghiệp microelectronic generally.3 thêm các con đường tiếp xúc là chủ yếugiới hạn đối với người lao động hít phải khói hoặc vào các liên hệ trực tiếp với các vật liệu như silictetraclorua, chì và cadmium, Tuy nhiên có một số báo cáo được vật liệu độc hạiphát hành vào community.12,13 rộng hơn y tế thực tế tác động mà kết quả từ nhữngprocesses is then dictated by the extent to which industry bodies adhere to health and safetyprotocols, and the improvement of materials and production techniques.Solar energy is not responsible for any direct GHG emissions from energy generation,however the production of materials—especially for solar PVs—is currently quite energyintensive, making its GHG emissions profile high compared to other renewable energy.However, this is still substantially less than the GHG intensity of fossil fuels and much lowerfor technologies such as large-scale CST systems.5The running of solar facilities has very low impact on human an environmental health.Despite large-scale solar developments requiring considerable areas of land, there appearsto be little land-conflict in Australia. However, some forms of large-scale solar useconsiderable amounts of water—more than coal and gas in some instances—which is ofparticular concern in Australia.4While current solar technologies have greater health and environmental costs than othersources of renewable energy, it is still a relatively young technology with advances in thefield seeing these costs rapidly decline. Even using current technologies, its impacts are stillsubstantially less than fossil fuels. However, careful attention needs to be paid to thedistribution of benefits and burdens that attends different solar technologies and scales ofimplementation. The current risk associated with the production of PV materials for workersin other countries in particular, suggests that Australia needs to accept moral responsibilityfor this aspect of the industry.
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