A payment system consists of a set of instruments, banking
procedures and, typically, interbank funds transfer systems that ensure
the circulation of money.1
In simple terms, “money” is regarded as cash
(i.e., notes and coins issued by the government or central bank) or claims
against credit institutions in the form of deposits. The use of bank deposits
to make payments has become an important medium in most developed
countries and to make a payment, the payer must issue an instruction in
the form of a paper-based instrument (e.g. a check) or an electronic
instruction (e.g. using a credit or plastic card).
The effectiveness of payment activities is fully dependent on the
arrangements that facilitate fund transfers between members and it is
through these arrangements that constitute a “payment system”. Payment
Systems consist therefore of networks that link the members with existing
rules and procedures for the use of this infrastructure. A Payment System
normally requires the following:
• Standard methods of transmitting payment messages between
members
• Agreed means of settling claims within the
members/participants (normally through the deposits of the
members/participants with the central bank)
• Common operating procedures and rules (admission, fees,
operating hours)
Payment systems are vital part of the economic and financial
infrastructure. Their efficient functioning, allowing transactions to be
completed safely and on time, makes a key contribution to overall
economic performance. Payment systems, however, can also involve
significant exposures to risks for members. It is for this reason that
central banks have always taken into account the design and operation of
payment systems additional control features to mitigate these risks.