In particular, the rate of freezing plays a crucial role in determining the size and location (or distribution) of ice crystals within the frozen meat tissue (Bevilacqua and Zaritzky, 1980 and Bevilacqua et al., 1979), which subsequently influences the quality of the frozen/thawed meat (Leygonie, Britz, & Hoffman, 2012a). It has been generally agreed that slow freezing rates cause the