The differential trends for non-citizen households between the less generous and more
generous states are even sharper when the sample is restricted to the non-refugee population.
Although the CPS data do not report the type of visa used by a particular immigrant to enter
the country, one can approximate the refugee sample by using information on the national
origin of the foreign-born households. In particular, most refugees tend to originate in a
small set of countries.13 I classified all persons residing in households where the household
head originated in the main refugee-sending countries as refugees, while all other persons
were classified as non-refugees. The non-citizen, non-refugees residing in the less generous
states experienced a 7.0 percentage point decline in their Medicaid participation rate, as
compared to the 3.1 percentage point decline for the non-citizen, non-refugees residing in
the more generous states.