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Native and Nonnative Definitions
The primary step in investigating the
native and nonnative dichotomy is to understand
the basis on which each category is
defined. The most common definition of
native speaker is that of bio-developmental,
proposed by Davies (1991): “The first language
a human being learns to speak is his
native language; he is a native speaker of this
language” (cited in Cook, 1999, p. 185). In
other words, a person is a native speaker of
the L1 he or she grew up with.This bio-developmental
approach to defining the native
speakership, in essence, presents an
unchangeable fact that characterizes individuals
linguistically.
Perhaps going beyond the bio-developmental
determination of native speakers is somewhat
ambiguous. Stern (1983) suggests the following
features that constitute native speakers:
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