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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 MotivationThe oxidation is a significant reaction employing in organic synthesis for the preparation of alcohol, aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic compounds. These compounds are used as intermediates in industrial applications, such as pharmaceutical and polymer industries. Some of the interesting products from the oxidation are 1,6-hexanediol to caprolactone. The great majority of caprolactone is consumed, often in situ, as a precursor to caprolactam. It is also a monomer used in the manufacture of highly specialised polymers. Ring-opening polymerization, for example, gives polycaprolactone. Another polymer is polyglecaprone, used as suture material in surgery. The oxidation is normally catalyzed by metal complex such as Ru and Co complexes . However, the reaction releases toxic waste such as organic solvent and harmful oxidants. Moreover, the catalyst synthesis is complicated and economically inconvenient. Accordingly, it is interesting to adjust the reaction to be green and worthiness by using immediate strong oxidant such as air, inexpensive raw materials, non-air sensitive catalyst and simple catalyst preparation at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. With this view, Co complexes with phthalocyanine ligands and Ru complexes with 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine, 4-tert-Butylpyridine are an attractive ligand. Due to the availability and widely use of 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine, 4-tert-Butylpyridine, this ligand forms complexes with most transition metal ions such as Ru Co . Metal with4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine, 4-tert-Butylpyridineas ligand are also studied for example, Co , Ru has been reported. Metal with phthalocynine as ligand such as Co are also investigated.Therefore, in this projectRu , Ru with 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine,Ru with 4-tert-Butylpyridine,Cobalt phthalocynine with 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine, Cobalt phthalocynine with4-tert-Butylpyridinewere preparationand cobalt phthalocynine complexes were synthesied and used for the simple oxidation reaction of 1,6-hexandiol in non-crucial condition. The effect of temperature, amount of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen on the oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol, residence time and oxidant were investigated.1.2 Objective 1.2.1 To optimize the cobalt and ruthenium complexes for the oxidation reaction of 1,6-hexandiol. 1.2.2 To understand parameters : reaction temperature, amount of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen on the oxidation, resident time that affect on the oxidation reaction of 1,6-hexandiol. 1.3 Scopes of this study 1.3.1 Synthesis of cobalt phthalocyanine complexes as catalysts. 1.3.2 Characterization of the catalysts by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV) 1.3.3 Catalytic testing was carried out in glass type stirred-batch reactor. 1.3.4 The feasible parameters affect on catalytic performance are investigated sequentially: 1.3.4.1 Reaction temperature at 110oC for 1,6-hexnandiol. 1.3.4.2 Residence time in range of 24 h for 1,6-hexnandiol. 1.3.4.3 Coordinated p-cymene and tert-butyl-pyridine ligand of ruthenium complexes for the oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol. 1.3.4 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained products are determined on Gas Chromatography (GC), DB-wax and Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). 1.4 Expected results 1.4.1 Synthesis of cobalt phthalocyanine complexes for the oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol. 1.4.2 The synthesized caprolactone using a cobalt complexes. 1.4.3 The optimum condition for the oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol oxidation such as temperature, residence time.
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