There have been attempts to establish ecologically sound planning and management
since the 1960s (McHarg, 1969; Dasmann et al., 1973; Aberley, 1994). Before the 1990s
social studies and sciences found it undesirable and difficult to communicate effectively
because they had different traditions and languages. Today there are stronger links between environmental science and social studies. Much of this broadening of environmental
interest has taken the form of crusading and advocacy; nevertheless, there has
also been development of new tools, concepts and practical approaches.