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In the absence of fermentable glucose or lactose,some microorganisms are capable of using citrate as a carbon source for their energy. This ability depends on the presence of a citrate permease that facilitates the transport of citrate in the cell.Citrate is the first major intermediate in the krebs cycle and is produced by the condensation of active acetyl with oxaloacetic acid.Citrate is acted on by the enzyme citrase,which produces oxaloacetic acid and acetate.These product are then enzymatically converted to pyruvic acid and carbon oxide.During this reaction the medium becomes alkaline the carbon dioxide that is generated combines with sodium and water to form sodim carbonate,an alkaline product.The presence of sodium carbonate changes the bromthymol blue indicator incorporated into the medium from green to deep prussian blue.The chemistry ofthis reaction is illustrated.Following incubation,citrate positive cultures are identified by the presence of growth on the surface of the slant,which is accompained by blue coloration.Citrate negative cultures will show no growth,and the medium will remain green.MediaSimmons citrate agar slants per designated student group:4 for the short version,14 for the long version.
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