Figure 5.2 Hofstede's power distance against individualism for 20 countries Source: Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories, Joumal of lntemational Business Studies, Fal~ p. 92. Copyright© Geert Hofstede
Slide 5.22
Fons Trompenaars' seven cultural dimensions 1. Universalism vs. particularism - Universalism: the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification. - Particularism: the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and somethings cannot be done the same everywhere.
Slide 5.23
Fons Trompenaars' seven cultural dimensions (Continued) 2. Individualism vs. collectivism: centres on whether individual rights and values are dominant or subordinate to those of the collective society. 3. Neutral culture vs. emotional culture: - Neutral culture: A culture in which emotions are held in check. - Emotional culture: A culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally.