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Ma, 1999). By developing an understanding of MKT,mathematicians and mathematics educators will be able tohelp prospective teachers access and unpack knowledge ina connected, effective manner.Mathematics Knowledge for Teaching GeometryNumerous national educational groups consisting ofmathematicians, mathematics educators, and classroomteachers have offered recommendations for the preparationof prospective middle grades mathematics teachers inthe area off geometry (CBMS, 2001; National MathematicsAdvisory Panel [NMAP], 2008; NCTM, 2000; RANDMathematics Study Panel, 2003). Geometry is one of themost interesting areas of mathematics to teach not only forits appeal to the visual senses, but also for its historicalsignificance in the development of mathematics. Geometrylends itself well to making “rich connections withthe rest of mathematics, including topics and themes indiscrete and continuous mathematics as combinatorics,algorithmic thinking, geometric series, optimization, functions,limits, trigonometry and more” (Goldenberg,Cuoco, & Mark, 1998, p. 23). Geometry is one of thefocus areas for the NCTM (2000) content standards andNCTM (2006) Curriculum Focal Points and as such, prospectivemiddle grades teachers must be prepared to effectivelyteach this subject. The National Assessment ofEducational Progress identified weaknesses in the performanceof U.S. students on mathematical concepts, in particulargeometry concepts, as compared with students inother countries (Gonzales et al., 2000). More specifically,students lacked the ability to perform well on spatial visualizationand problem solving (Battista, 1999).A contributing factor to U.S. students’ weak performanceon geometric concepts could be attributed to themathematical knowledge for teaching geometric conceptsheld by teachers. The MT21 and the recent Breaking theCycle report, both cross-national studies of the preparationof middle school teachers, found prospective middlegrades teachers’ mathematics knowledge in the areas ofalgebra and geometry to be weak in comparison withprospective middle grades teachers in other countries(Center for Research in Math and Science Education,2010; Schmidt et al., 2007). Prospective middle gradesteachers may not possess the subject-matter knowledgeand pedagogical content knowledge needed to effectivelyteach geometric concepts (Grover & Conner, 2000; Swafford,Jones, & Thorton, 1997).Mathematical ConnectionsWhat is a mathematical connection? Hiebert and Carpenter(1992) described mathematical connections as part
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