1Randomized controlled trials (RCT).
2Adult participants aged 18 years or more.
3Participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th
Revision (ICD-10).
4Control group participants that received either standard care or were on a wait list.
5Outcome measures of relapse, re-hospitalization,
adherence to psychotropic medication regimen, or psychiatric symptoms, or psychosocial functioning.
6Studies had been reviewed by an institutional ethics
committee prior to implementation