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TillageThe same specially modified, single-furrow, reversible ploughswere used at both sites, in order to achieve wheel-by-wheel tractorpasses over the whole soil surface each year. Although thisrepresents a roughly three-fold increase over the normal trafficintensity associated with ploughing, we considered that totalwheel coverage was necessary each year due to the limited timeavailable for the study of tractor weight and wheel placement. Fordeep ploughing, a Kverneland plough body no. 8 was used, withdisc coulter and skimmer. The depth wheel was set at 25 cm andfurrow width was 40 cm, resulting in semi-inverted furrow slices.For shallow ploughing, a Kverneland Ecomat plough body wasused, with share knife and skimmer. The depth wheel was set at15 cm and furrow width was 35 cm, resulting in completelyinverted slices. This difference in slice inversion is a normalcharacteristic of these two plough designs. The plough bodiescould be moved laterally on the plough frame to facilitate wheelingeither in the furrow or on-land.
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