Although many associations have been documented, few studies have evaluated a broad array of social, behavioral, and health predictors in a nationally representative sample. Accordingly, the present study evaluated the social and behavioral determinants of insufficient sleep in a nationally representative sample. In this secondary data analysis, we utilized the 2009 behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS), which collected data on insufficient sleep from >300,000 individuals from all 50 states. Our hypotheses were that rates of insufficient sleep would be related to sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and health status. Further, we hypothesize that in fully adjusted analyses, effects will be attenuated but will remain significant, indicating that all of these factors contribute unique variance to insufficient sleep.