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For production and use of one Functional Unit (FU) of Pongamia biodiesel an average 45 kJ of non-renewableenergy is required, which is twenty eight times lesscompared to reference system (fossil fuel system) i.e.approximately 1,250 kJ/FU (Wouter et.al 2010). The oilextraction (43%) and transesterification (53%) steps arethe biggest contributors to the energy requirement. Themajor contribution of the transformation (oil extraction &esterification) process to the overall energy balance of thesystem confirms findings of Jatropha and Palm oil LCAstudies (Krishan et al., 2011; Wouter et al., 2010; Kian etal., 2009). The cultivation phase represents only 4% ofthe non renewable energy requirement of the life cycle(203.21 MJ), which is very low compared to otherbiodiesel production systems, due to very little fertilizerinputs. In the oil extraction phase, electrical energyproduced with fossil fuel to operate expeller and filterpress is found to be the largest contributor (67% i.e.57.74 MJ) followed by oil press production. In the esterification phase methanol production anduse contributes to highest energy consumption (47% i.e.50.25MJ) followed by transesterification (32% i.e. 21.09MJ) and manufacturing of esterification unit (20% i.e.21.09 MJ). Over the whole life cycle, construction andmaintenance of machinery accounts for 25% of the totalNRER, while transportation contributes 3%. Thiscontribution is low compared to Palm oil LCA (Kian etal., 2009) since it has low levels of inputs and aims atlocal use of the products. This results in lowtransportation distances, both for bringing inputs to thesystem and for distributing outputs to the market. Thedata for calculating NRER has been compiled from “TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” database(Table 3).
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