Those abilities will be extremely useful for students who are going to study in the U.S. However, as Wall and Alderson (1993) point out, we cannot simply assume that a test will automatically affect instructional practice (as cited in Bachman & Palmer, 1996). Therefore, whether TOEFL iBT will have a positive washback upon ESL and EFL pedagogy heavily depend on teachers’ English proficiency level, their English teaching ability, and their teaching philosophy.