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Table 1 provides definitions for the variables used in all subsequent tables. Table 2,panel A, contains descriptive statistics for our total sample; panels B and C presentdescriptive statistics for the subsamples of firm-year observations that would meetor beat and those that would miss I/B/E/S consensus forecast estimates absent ETRchanges and in the pre- and post-SOX periods, respectively. Firms that would misstheir income targets in the absence of ETR changes have a significantly (p 0.01)larger average decline in their ETRs between the third and fourth quarters (meanETR4_ETR3 0.98 percent) than firms that reached or exceeded these earningsgoals without ETR changes (mean ETR4_ETR3 0.39 percent). Mean Tax_Feesis 0.19 percent of selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expense for companiesthat met their forecasts and 0.22 percent of SG&A for companies thatmissed. A t-test indicates that this difference is not significant (p 0.13); however,a Wilcoxon rank-sum test suggests that the distributions differ between the two
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