Behavioral recording sessions occurred continuously from07:00 to 10:00 a.m. and from 02:00 to 05:00 p.m. each day,totaling 325 hours of observation (54 non-consecutive daysin total). The birds were observed at a distance of 10m, usinga 10x50 (Nikon TX Extreme) binocular. Hummingbirds wereobserved ad libitum with continuous recording of behaviors(Altmann 1974), and the birds were identified according toSigrist (2009). We focused on both territorial and subordinatehummingbirds, recording all behaviors during the entire observationperiod. Since no hummingbirds were captured andmarked, to avoid pseudoreplication, we only collected data onthe same hummingbird species after intervals of 30 minutes,counting from the time the individual of that species left, orwhen two or more individuals of the same species were feedingat the same time on the food patch (we recorded behaviors ofmore than 10 ± 6 individuals feeding at the same time on thefood patch). We evaluated the time spent in each food patchand the behavior exhibited by the hummingbirds in each foodpatch. An ethogram was built based on 100h of pilot observationsand information from the scientific literature (Barçanteand Mahecha 2004, Loss and Silva 2005, Toledo and Moreira2008, Araújo-Silva and Bessa 2010) (Table 1).