The importance of reduction of, or relief from fear, distress and emotional (or even physical) pain was raised in most in- terviews, often closely related to positive symptoms, but at the level of their physical and emotional consequences. He was absolutely intimidated by his environment. he felt frightened and threatened' [C25] Insight was also mentioned in most interviews, encom- passing both recognition that current/prior psychotic phe- nomena are not real, and understanding that one has a long-term illness. It was described as a gatekeeper to many other treatment benefits, partly through its impact upon treatment adherence, and was important in helping people deal with residual psychotic phenomena.