TERMINAL PHASEDuring the distribution phase, changes in the concentrat translation - TERMINAL PHASEDuring the distribution phase, changes in the concentrat Indonesian how to say

TERMINAL PHASEDuring the distributi

TERMINAL PHASE

During the distribution phase, changes in the concentration of drug in plasma reflect
primarily movement of drug within, rather than loss from, the body. However, with time,
distribution equilibrium of drug in tissue with that in plasma is established in more and
more tissues, and eventually changes in plasma concentration reflect a proportional change in the concentrations of drug in all other tissues and, hence, in the amount of
drug in the body. During this proportionality phase, the body acts kinetically as a single
container or compartment, much like in the reservoir model. Because decline of the
plasma concentration is now associated solely with elimination of drug from the body,
this phase is often called the elimination phase, and parameters associated with it, such
as k and t
1/2
, are often called the elimination rate constant and elimination half-life.
Elimination Half-Life The elimination half-life is the time over which the plasma concentration,
as well as the amount of the drug in the body, falls by one half. The half-life
of
midazolam determined by the time to fall, for example, from 20 to 10 g/L,
is 3.8
hr
(Fig. 3-4B). This is the same time that it takes for the concentration to fall from 10 to 5
g/L, or by half anywhere along the terminal decline. In other words, the elimination
half-life of midazolam is independent of the amount of drug in the body. It follows,
therefore, that less drug is eliminated in each succeeding half-life. Initially, there are
7.5 mg of midazolam in the body. After 1 half-life (3.8 hr), assuming that distribution
equilibrium was virtually spontaneous throughout this period, 3.75 mg remains in the
body. After 2 half-lives (7.6 hr), 1.88 mg remains, and after 3 half-lives (11.4 hr), 0.94 mg
remains. In practice, the drug may be regarded as having been eliminated (99%) by
6.64 half-lives (25 hr, or approximately 1 day).
Once the half-life is known, the elimination rate constant, k, and the mean residence
time in the body, MRT, can be readily calculated from Eqs. 3-15 and 3-25. These are 0.182
hr
1
and 5.5 hr, respectively. Midazolam clearly is removed relatively quickly from the
body.
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TERMINAL PHASEDuring the distribution phase, changes in the concentration of drug in plasma reflectprimarily movement of drug within, rather than loss from, the body. However, with time,distribution equilibrium of drug in tissue with that in plasma is established in more andmore tissues, and eventually changes in plasma concentration reflect a proportional change in the concentrations of drug in all other tissues and, hence, in the amount ofdrug in the body. During this proportionality phase, the body acts kinetically as a singlecontainer or compartment, much like in the reservoir model. Because decline of theplasma concentration is now associated solely with elimination of drug from the body,this phase is often called the elimination phase, and parameters associated with it, suchas k and t1/2, are often called the elimination rate constant and elimination half-life.Elimination Half-Life The elimination half-life is the time over which the plasma concentration,as well as the amount of the drug in the body, falls by one half. The half-lifeofmidazolam determined by the time to fall, for example, from 20 to 10 g/L,is 3.8hr(Fig. 3-4B). This is the same time that it takes for the concentration to fall from 10 to 5g/L, or by half anywhere along the terminal decline. In other words, the eliminationhalf-life of midazolam is independent of the amount of drug in the body. It follows,therefore, that less drug is eliminated in each succeeding half-life. Initially, there are7.5 mg of midazolam in the body. After 1 half-life (3.8 hr), assuming that distribution
equilibrium was virtually spontaneous throughout this period, 3.75 mg remains in the
body. After 2 half-lives (7.6 hr), 1.88 mg remains, and after 3 half-lives (11.4 hr), 0.94 mg
remains. In practice, the drug may be regarded as having been eliminated (99%) by
6.64 half-lives (25 hr, or approximately 1 day).
Once the half-life is known, the elimination rate constant, k, and the mean residence
time in the body, MRT, can be readily calculated from Eqs. 3-15 and 3-25. These are 0.182
hr
1
and 5.5 hr, respectively. Midazolam clearly is removed relatively quickly from the
body.
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FASE TERMINAL

Selama fase distribusi, perubahan konsentrasi obat dalam plasma mencerminkan
terutama pergerakan obat dalam, daripada rugi, tubuh. Namun, dengan waktu,
keseimbangan distribusi obat dalam jaringan dengan yang di plasma didirikan pada lebih dan
lebih jaringan, dan akhirnya perubahan konsentrasi plasma mencerminkan perubahan proporsional dalam konsentrasi obat di semua jaringan lain dan, karenanya, dalam jumlah
obat dalam tubuh. Selama fase proporsionalitas ini, tubuh bertindak kinetik sebagai single
wadah atau kompartemen, seperti di model reservoir. Karena penurunan
konsentrasi plasma kini dikaitkan semata-mata dengan eliminasi obat dari tubuh,
fase ini sering disebut tahap eliminasi, dan parameter yang terkait dengan itu, seperti
sebagai k dan t
1/2
, sering disebut tingkat eliminasi konstan dan paruh eliminasi.
eliminasi Half-Life The paruh eliminasi adalah waktu yang lebih dari konsentrasi plasma,
serta jumlah obat dalam tubuh, jatuh oleh satu setengah. Waktu paruh
dari
midazolam ditentukan oleh waktu untuk jatuh, misalnya, dari 20 menjadi 10? G / L,
adalah 3,8
jam
(Gambar. 3-4B). Ini adalah waktu yang sama yang dibutuhkan untuk konsentrasi jatuh dari 10 menjadi 5
? G / L, atau setengah di mana saja di sepanjang penurunan terminal. Dengan kata lain, penghapusan
paruh midazolam adalah independen dari jumlah obat dalam tubuh. Ini mengikuti,
karena itu, bahwa kurang obat dihilangkan di setiap berhasil paruh. Awalnya, ada
7,5 mg midazolam dalam tubuh. Setelah 1 paruh (3,8 jam), dengan asumsi bahwa distribusi
kesetimbangan hampir spontan selama periode ini, 3,75 mg tetap di
tubuh. Setelah 2 setengah-hidup (7,6 jam), 1,88 mg tetap, dan setelah 3 paruh (11,4 jam), 0.94 mg
sisa-sisa. Dalam prakteknya, obat dapat dianggap sebagai telah dieliminasi (99%) dengan
6.64 paruh (25 jam, atau sekitar 1 hari).
Setelah paruh diketahui, laju eliminasi konstan, k, dan tinggal rata-rata
waktu dalam tubuh, MRT, dapat dengan mudah dihitung dari pers. 3-15 dan 3-25. Ini adalah 0,182
jam
? 1
dan 5,5 jam, masing-masing. Midazolam jelas dihapus relatif cepat dari
tubuh.
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