Results (
Thai) 1:
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Two authors (H. Z. and Z. L.) independently reviewed allstudies to determine if they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and to rate the quality of the included studies.If there was disagreement, consensus was reachedthrough discussion. If consensus was not reached a thirdauthor was consulted (H. W.) and the decision of two ofthe three authors was adopted. Two authors (H. Z. and Z.L.) independently extracted the data from the studiesselected for meta-analysis. Information included the location of study, recruitment strategies, study design, participants’ characteristics, intervention (e.g. type, content,intensity, duration, and follow up), and outcomes. If therewas disagreement during data extraction, a third author(H. W.) was approached and consensus was reachedthrough discussion. The reviewers also contacted threeauthors of studies for missing outcome data.The Jadad scale was used to assess the methodologicalquality of the included studies because there is no consensus on a gold standard to evaluate the internal validityor methodological quality of an RCT. Accordingly, theselection of the Jadad scale has relative merit because itassesses the most important individual components ofmethodological quality by using a simple approach. Thisnominal scale addresses three essential questions and twoother questions
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